Comparison of antibody responses following natural infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or receipt of CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 (AZD1222) vaccination in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Hongjaisee, Sayamon; Chawansuntati, Kriangkrai; Sripan, Patumrat; Rattanathammethee, Kritsadee; Sakkhachornphop, Supachai; Chaiwarith, Romanee; Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya; Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai; Wipasa, Jiraprapa

doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100305

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, existing evidence has largely focused on the early response following mRNA vaccination among previously infected individuals [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Few studies have evaluated the impacts of inactivated and vector-based vaccines [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Additionally, most investigations have focused on short-term immunogenicity, while long-term evaluations remain limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Dynamic Changes in Hybrid Immunity over Six Months after Inactivated and Adenoviral Vector Vaccination in Individuals with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Suntronwong,

Kanokudom,

Auphimai

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Numerous studies have largely focused on short-term immunogenicity in recovered individuals post mRNA vaccination. However, understanding the long-term durability, particularly in inactivated and adenoviral vectored vaccines, remains limited. We evaluated antibody responses, omicron variant neutralization, and IFN-γ responses in 119 previously infected individuals vaccinated with CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 up to six months post-vaccination. Both vaccines elicited robust immune responses in recovered individuals, surpassing those who were infection-naïve, and these persisted above pre-vaccination levels for six months. However, antibody levels declined over time (geometric mean ratio (GMR) = 0.52 for both vaccines). Notably, neutralizing activities against omicron declined faster in ChAdOx1 (GMR = 0.6) compared to CoronaVac recipients (GMR = 1.03). While the first dose of ChAdOx1 adequately induced immune responses in recovered individuals, a second dose demonstrated advantages in omicron variant neutralization and slower decline. Although both vaccines induced T cell responses, the median IFN-γ level at six months returned to pre-vaccination levels. However, more individuals exhibited reactive T cell responses. Extending the interval (13–15 months) between infection and vaccination could enhance antibody levels and broaden neutralization. Together, these findings demonstrate a robust humoral and cellular response that was sustained for at least six months after vaccination, thus guiding optimal vaccination strategies based on prior infection and vaccine platforms.

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