Comparison of antibody isotype responses to <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> antigens by infected and putative resistant individuals living in an endemic area

Viana, Iramaya R. C.; Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Carvalho, Omar dos Santos; Massara, Crístiano Lara; Colosimo, Enrico A.; Colley, Daniel G.; Gazzinelli, Giovanni

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00895.x

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results did not show any significant difference in the anti-SWAP IgE responses between the NE and infected patients while those treated and resistant to reinfection had a significant increase in this antibody level. The anti-IgE results with sera from treated resistant individuals are in agreement with those previously published (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). The most interesting data were obtained when sera from these individuals were used in IgE antischistosomula tegumental antigen assays.…”

Section: Normal Endemic Individualssupporting

confidence: 81%

Cytokines as determinants of resistance and pathology in human Schistosoma mansoni infection

Corrêa-Oliveira

Malaquias

Falcão

et al. 1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The role of different cytokines in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferative response and in in vitro granuloma formation was evaluated in a cross-sectional study with patients with the different clinical forms and phases of Schistosoma mansoni infection, as well as a group of individuals naturally resistant to infection named normal endemic (NE). The blockage of IL-4 and IL-5 using anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-5 antibodies significantly reduced the PBMC proliferative response to soluble egg (SEA) and adult worm (SWAP) antigens in acute (ACT), chronic intestinal (INT) and hepatosplenic (HS) patients. Similar results were obtained in the in vitro granuloma formation. Blockage of IL-10 had no significant effect on either assay using PBMC from ACT or HS. In contrast, the addition of anti-IL-10 antibodies to PBMC cultures from INT patients significantly increased the proliferative response to SEA and SWAP as well as the in vitro granuloma formation. Interestingly, association of anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-10 antibodies did not increase the PBMC proliferative response of these patients, suggesting that IL-10 may act by modulating IL-4 and IL-5 secretion. Addition of recombinant IL-10 decreased the proliferative response to undetectable levels when PBMC from patients with the different clinical forms were used. Analysis of IFN-γ in the supernatants showed that PBMC from INT patients secreted low levels of IFN-γ upon antigenic stimulation. In contrast, PBMC from NE secreted high levels of IFN-γ. These data suggest that IL-10 is an important cytokine in regulating the immune response and possibly controlling morbidity in human schistosomiasis mansoni, and that the production of IFN-γ may be associated with resistance to infection.

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Section: Normal Endemic Individualssupporting

confidence: 81%

Cytokines as determinants of resistance and pathology in human Schistosoma mansoni infection

Corrêa-Oliveira

Malaquias

Falcão

et al. 1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Together, these results from 2 different types of apparently protected groups of people support the hypothesis that an appropriate high IgE:IgG4 ratio is consistent with development of resistance to reinfection. 5,9,11 As previously reported, 31 a relative increase in levels of IgM and IgG4, which are minor isotypes in non-infected individuals, was observed in most of the patients in this study. The observation of certain antibody specificities and isotypes in comparisons of susceptible and resistant patients in relation to reinfection after chemotherapy has been reported by several investigators.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…These comparisons demonstrated distinctly different immunologic patterns between individuals with patent infections and endemic normals. 30,31 Some of the same parameters for the analysis of the immune response of endemic normals and infected individuals in this study were used to compare the immune responses of all participating susceptible and resistant individuals identified retrospectively 21 months after treatment in the endemic area of Siqueira. The resistant group in this study differed from those in other studies since we included only those individuals who did not become reinfected during the entire period of the observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility and resistance to Schistosoma mansoni reinfection: parallel cellular and isotypic immunologic assessment.

Caldas¹,

Correa-Oliveira²,

Colosimo³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Cellular and humoral immune responses to Schistosoma mansoni antigen preparations were evaluated in individuals presumed to be susceptible or resistant to reinfection after chemotherapeutic cure. A consistent proliferative increase in the response to soluble egg antigen (SEA) was observed post-treatment in both the susceptible and resistant groups. However, this change was not related to resistance. Isotype studies showed that IgM antibody levels to soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) and cercariae antigens were significantly higher in the resistant group than in the susceptible group. Post-treatment, an increase in IgE anti-SWAP and anti-schistosomular tegument (STEG) responses and a decrease in IgG4 anti-SEA and anti-STEG responses were observed in the resistant group. These finding are similar to those we have reported previously for a putative resistant group termed endemic normals, and are compatible with immunologic studies in different endemic areas. Together, these findings indicate that even on the population level, high IgE specificities coupled with low IgG4 specificities correlate well with documented resistance to reinfection.Based on field studies following curative chemotherapy of either Schistosoma mansoni 1-3 or S. haematobium, 4,5 individuals are often categorized as being either susceptible or resistant to natural reinfection by schistosomes. These studies have shown that resistance to reinfection is an age-related phenomenon, with most people in endemic areas becoming resistant, or expressing their resistance during their second decade of life. When determined directly or by estimation, resistance appears to be unrelated to the degree of contact that the susceptible and resistant groups have with cercariaecontaining water, and is usually attributed to immunity rather than physiologic or behavioral changes with age. 4,6,7 These studies have cataloged a variety of humoral immune responses, and are in agreement with several of the correlations demonstrated between given immune responses and susceptible or resistant groups. 8,9 A number of studies have shown associations between resistance status and a balance between the level of effective anti-schistosomula antibodies and the presence of blocking antibodies. 5,[10][11][12] The latter are sometimes most easily demonstrated as antibodies to egg antigens that cross-react with epitopes present in the schistosomula tegument. 3,10The most common features that show relationships to resistance to reinfection include high levels of IgE against adult worm or larval antigens, while high levels of IgG4 and IgM antibodies against egg antigens generally parallel susceptibility. 5,9,[11][12][13][14][15] Recent studies have also reported correlations between resistance and elevated levels of IgA against a schistosome vaccine candidate (Sm 28 glutathione-S-transferase). 16,17 Further studies with other antigens have demonstrated that higher levels of IgE against a 22-kD schistosomula moiety 9 and higher levels of IgM against a 68-kD adult schistos...

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“…[18][19][20]41,59 Although levels of specific IgE have been correlated with resistance to infection in putatively resistant persons, 29 in the present study, levels of IgG4 were more likely to be correlated with susceptibility to infection than IgE with resistance to infection, given that levels of specific IgG4 were higher in the infected group and levels of specific IgE were similar or lower in the resistant group. Because this was not a prospective study, we cannot rule out the possibility of IgG4 levels were higher in infected persons exclusively because of their infection status, as suggested in epidemiologic studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…They produce higher levels of IgE against schistosomula tegument and IgG against paramyosin than infected persons. 29 Moreover, when stimulated with Schistosoma antigens, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of EN persons proliferate vigorously and produce higher levels of IFN-g than those of persons currently infected and those resistant to reinfection. 28,30,31 On the basis of this evidence, it appears that Th1 and Th2 immune response are involved in protection against the infection in this naturally resistant group of persons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni Infection in an Endemic Area of Bahia, Brazil

Oliveira¹,

Figueiredo²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Detailed knowledge of factors associated with resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in endemic areas might facilitate more effective schistosomiasis control. We conducted a cross-sectional study of persons resistant to schistosomiasis and found no association between socioeconomic status and resistance to infection. Mononuclear cells of resistant subjects produced higher levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13 and interferon-g upon stimulation with soluble egg antigen (SEA) compared with infected persons. When stimulated with Sm21.6 or Sm22.6, levels of IL-10 were higher in cell culture of resistant persons. Levels of IgE against soluble adult worm antigen (SWAP) and against interleukin-4-inducing principle from S. mansoni eggs (IPSE) and levels of IgG4 against SWAP, SEA, and Sm22.6 were lower in the resistant group compared with the susceptible group. Our data suggest that socioeconomic status could not fully explain resistance to S. mansoni infection observed in the studied area. However, a mixture of Th1 and Th2 immune responses and low levels of specific IgG4 against parasite antigens could be mediating resistance to infection.

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Comparison of antibody isotype responses to Schistosoma mansoni antigens by infected and putative resistant individuals living in an endemic area

Cited by 51 publications

References 33 publications

Cytokines as determinants of resistance and pathology in human Schistosoma mansoni infection

Cytokines as determinants of resistance and pathology in human Schistosoma mansoni infection

Susceptibility and resistance to Schistosoma mansoni reinfection: parallel cellular and isotypic immunologic assessment.

Factors Associated with Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni Infection in an Endemic Area of Bahia, Brazil

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