Comparison of Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoid‐Rich Common and Tartary Buckwheat Sprout Extracts in Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated RAW 264.7 and Peritoneal Macrophages

Abstract

Buckwheat sprouts have been widely consumed all around world due to their great abundance of bioactive compounds. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoid-rich common buckwheat sprout (CBS) and tartary buckwheat sprout (TBS) extracts were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and primary peritoneal macrophages from male BALB/c mice. Based on the reversed-phase HPLC analysis, the major flavonoids in CBS were determined to be C-glycosylflavones (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin), quercetin-3-O-robinobioside, and rutin, whereas TBS contained only high amounts of rutin. The TBS extract exhibited higher inhibitory activity as assessed by the production of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-12 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages than CBS extract. In addition, TBS extract suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B activation by preventing inhibitor kappa B-alpha degradation and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the TBS extract markedly reduced LPS-induced cytokine production in peritoneal macrophages. Taken together, these findings suggest that TBS extract can be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents that may influence macrophage-mediated inflammatory disorders.

In Vitro Wound Healing Potential of Flavonoid C-Glycosides from Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaves on 3T3 Fibroblast Cells

“…Hence, based on the results of cell proliferation and migrations, these four compounds may serve as lead in the breakthrough of therapeutic bioactive agents that may improve wound healing. Generally, these flavonoid C-glycosides were reported to possess high antioxidant [22][23][24], and anti-inflammatory activities [16,17], and may be associated with wound healing enhancement. Further studies should be conducted on the correlation of these activities and wound healing properties in OPL extracts and flavonoid enriched extracts.…”

Acer palmatum thumb. Ethanol Extract Alleviates Interleukin-6-Induced Barrier Dysfunction and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Reducing Inflammation

“…Previous reports showed that major compounds of KIOM-2015E identified orientin, isoorientin, and vitexin [ 23 ]. Especially, vitexin has anti-inflammatory [ 24 , 25 ], anticancer [ 26 , 27 ], and antioxidant properties [ 28 ]. Our study showed that KIOM-2015E also reduced the levels of proinflammatory factors TNF- α and IL-6 in serum.…”

Nutrient components and bioactive compounds in tartary buckwheat bran and flour as affected by thermal processing

“…Extraction Ethanol and methanol are the most frequently used solvents for the extraction of rutin from crops. [21] Methanol extracts were prepared according to the procedure of Nam, Lim, & Lee [22] with some modifications. Samples were accurately weighed and extracted with 80% aqueous methanol.…”