Comparison of anthropometry to DXA: a new prediction equation for men

Ball, Stephen; Altena, Thomas S.; Swan, Pamela D.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602003

Cited by 151 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Fat mass and fat-free mass were estimated using the equations following Stewart and Hannan (2000) for male athletes: Fat mass (g) = 331.5 x abdominal skin-fold thickness + 356.2 x thigh skin-fold thickness + 111.9 x body mass -9108; fat-free mass (g) = 888 x body mass -252 x abdominal skin-fold thickness -382 x suprailiacal skinfold thickness -335 x thigh skin-fold thickness + 9120. Percent body fat was estimated using the equation of Ball, Altena, and Swan (2004) for males: Percent body fat = 0.465 + 0.180 x (7SF) -0.0002406 x (7SF) 2 + 0.0661 x age, where 7SF is the sum of skin-fold thickness of pectoralis, axillar, triceps, subscapular, abdomen, suprailiac, and thigh mean in mm and age is in years. Prior to the race, the weight of the race bike was determined to the nearest 0.1 kg without additional equipment.…”

Section: Pre-race Measurements and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Ultra-Endurance Cyclists in a Qualifying Ultra-Cycling Race for Paris-Brest-Paris and Race across America—Swiss Cycling Marathon

Knechtle¹,

Wirth²,

Knechtle³

et al. 2012

Percept Mot Skills

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Ultra-endurance events test the adaptation of human physiology to extreme physical and mental demands, high levels of training, motivation, and physical conditioning among participants. To understand basic differences among participants according to the severity of the race, participants in qualifying events for two ultra-endurance cycling races, differing in length and intensity, were compared on measures of anthropometry, training, and support. One race was four times longer, required supporting teams, and racers typically had little sleep, which should lead to the qualifiers being substantially more highly trained than those from the shorter race. The qualifiers in the longer race had greater intensity in training while the qualifiers in the shorter race relied more on training volume. Different strategies and types of training reflected the different demands of the races. Future studies should evaluate personality and motivational differences in ultra-endurance events and between these athletes and athletes in other sports.

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Section: Pre-race Measurements and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Ultra-Endurance Cyclists in a Qualifying Ultra-Cycling Race for Paris-Brest-Paris and Race across America—Swiss Cycling Marathon

Knechtle¹,

Wirth²,

Knechtle³

et al. 2012

Percept Mot Skills

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“…Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) was calculated using body mass and body height. The percentage of body fat was calculated using the following anthropometric formula according to Ball et al with percent body fat ϭ 0.465 ϩ 0.180 ϫ ( ⌺ 7SF) Ϫ 0.0002406 ϫ ( ⌺ 7SF) 2 ϩ 0.0661 ϫ (age), where ⌺ 7SF ϭ sum of skinfold thickness of pectoralis, axilla, triceps, sub scapular, abdomen, suprailiac and thigh ( 22 ). The skin-fold data were obtained using a skin-fold caliper (GPM-Hautfaltenmessgerät, Siber & Hegner, Zurich, Switzerland) and recorded to the nearest 0.2 mm.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation during a 100-km Ultra-Marathon^|^mdash;A Randomized Controlled Trial

Knechtle

Mrazek²,

Wirth³

et al. 2012

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Ultra-marathon running is supposed to increase the parameters of skeletal muscle damage and impair renal function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on skeletal muscle damage and renal function during a 100-km ultra-marathon. Twenty-eight athletes were randomly divided into two groups, one group using branched-chain amino acid supplementation (BCAA) and a control group (CON). The athletes in the BCAA group were supplemented with a total of 50 g of an amino acid concentrate including 20 g of BCAA. The intake of energy, antioxidants and parameters of both skeletal muscle damage and renal function were determined. Race time was not different between BCAA and CON when controlled for the personal best time in a 100-km ultra-marathon. Neither the intake of energy and antioxidants nor the parameters of skeletal muscle damage and renal function were different between BCAA and CON. We concluded that BCAA-supplementation before and during a 100-km ultra-marathon had no effect on performance, skeletal muscle damage or renal function.

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“…Body mass was measured using a commercial scale and front thigh mean, according to Ball et al [2]. This formula was evaluated using 160 men aged 18…”

Section: Measurements and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Body Skinfold Thickness is Related to Race Performance in Male Ironman Triathletes

Knechtle¹,

Knechtle²,

Rosemann

2010

Int J Sports Med

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Upper body skinfold thickness is related to race performance in male Ironman triathletesKnechtle, B; Knechtle, P; Rosemann, T Abstract: We investigated the association between skinfold thickness and race performance in male and female Ironman triathletes. Skinfold thicknesses at 8 sites and percent body fat were correlated to total race time including the split times for the 3 sub disciplines, for 27 male and 16 female Ironman athletes.In the males, percent body fat (r=0.76; p<0.0001), the sum of upper body skinfolds (r=0.75; p<0.0001) and the sum of all 8 skinfolds (r=0.71; p<0.0001) were related to total race time. Percent body fat (r=-0.67; p<0.001), the sum of upper body skinfolds (r=-0.63, p=0.0004) and the sum of all 8 skinfolds (r=-0.59; p<0.001) were also associated with speed in cycling during the race. In the females, none of the skinfold thicknesses showed an association with total race time, average weekly training volume or speed in the sub disciplines in the race. AbstractWe investigated the association between skin-fold thickness and race performance in male and female Ironman triathletes. Skin-fold thicknesses at 8 sites and percent body fat were correlated to total race time including the split times for the 3 sub disciplines, for 27 male and 16 female Ironman athletes. In the males, percent body fat (r = 0.76; p < 0.0001), the sum of upper body skin-folds (r = 0.75; p < 0.0001) and the sum of all 8 skin-folds (r = 0.71; p < 0.0001) were related to total race time. Percent body fat (r = -0.67; p < 0.001), the sum of upper body skin-folds (r = -0.63, p = 0.0004) and the sum of all 8 skin-folds (r = -0.59; p < 0.001) were also associated with speed in cycling during the race. In the females, none of the skin-fold thicknesses showed an association with total race time, average weekly training volume or speed in the sub disciplines in the race. The results of this study indicate that low skin-fold thicknesses of the upper body are related to race performance in male Ironman triathletes, but not in females.

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Comparison of anthropometry to DXA: a new prediction equation for men

Cited by 151 publications

References 24 publications

A Comparison of Ultra-Endurance Cyclists in a Qualifying Ultra-Cycling Race for Paris-Brest-Paris and Race across America—Swiss Cycling Marathon

A Comparison of Ultra-Endurance Cyclists in a Qualifying Ultra-Cycling Race for Paris-Brest-Paris and Race across America—Swiss Cycling Marathon

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation during a 100-km Ultra-Marathon^|^mdash;A Randomized Controlled Trial

Upper Body Skinfold Thickness is Related to Race Performance in Male Ironman Triathletes

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