2008
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.06.002
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Comparison of analytical and theoretical pharmaceutical concentrations in human urine in Germany

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Cited by 48 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…With urine being the major path of entry (Winker et al 2008) more than 80 pharmaceuticals and some of their metabolites have been detected in influents and effluents of European and US waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). In minor concentrations some of these compounds also have been found in surface water and groundwater.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With urine being the major path of entry (Winker et al 2008) more than 80 pharmaceuticals and some of their metabolites have been detected in influents and effluents of European and US waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). In minor concentrations some of these compounds also have been found in surface water and groundwater.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fate and behavior of pharmaceuticals residues in plant tissues and soils: Urine, also called yellow water, is discussed as an alternative fertilizer for agriculture as it contains relatively high concentrations of the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (27) . But this usage of urine includes the risk of transfer of pharmaceutical residues to agricultural fields (28) . Little is known on the fate of pharmaceuticals regarding their accumulation in soils, transfer to groundwater, and incorporation by plants.…”
Section: Urine As Fertilizer Fate Of Pharmaceuticals In Soilmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Little is known on the fate of pharmaceuticals regarding their accumulation in soils, transfer to groundwater, and incorporation by plants. However, these effects cannot be excluded as fairly high concentrations of pharmaceuticals are expected in urine (28) . The uptake of pharmaceuticals in plants and the effects they exaggerate on plant physiology and development were of major interest when crops are fertilized with urine.…”
Section: Urine As Fertilizer Fate Of Pharmaceuticals In Soilmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Its nutrient contribution is also important that mineral fertilizers [5] [6]. Nevertheless, micropollutants such as heavy metals, hormones, pharmaceutical residues and pathogens can be excreted in urine [4] [7]. Urine treatment before its application in soils could be necessary to reduce health and environmental risks due to some contained compounds, especially when urine is collected in large-scale systems [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%