Comparison of Alveolar Bone Loss, Alveolar Bone Density and Second Metacarpal Bone Density, Salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-6 Concentrations in Healthy Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women on Estrogen Therapy

Streckfus, Charles F.; Johnson, Roger B.; Nick, Todd G.; Tsao, Audrey K.; Tucci, Michelle

doi:10.1093/gerona/52a.6.m343

Cited by 75 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The data were adjusted for salivary flow rate; gender; race; and age, as these are known confounders (Streckfus et al, 1997;McGehee and Johnson, 2004;Johnson, 2005). Outcome data were not uniformly distributed and were transformed to log 10 prior to statistical analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We collected whole, unstimulated saliva between 12:30 and 1:00 p.m., just prior to the gross anatomy practical examination using the techniques based on those of Navazesh (Navazesh, 1993), which have been commonly used in our laboratory for previous studies (Streckfus et al, 1997;Johnson et al, 2002;McGehee and Johnson, 2004;Johnson, 2005). The students had nothing to eat or drink one hour prior to the saliva collection.…”

Section: Saliva Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of saliva for assessment of stress and its effect on the immune system prior to gross anatomy practical examinations

Lester

Brown

Aycock

et al. 2010

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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The objective of this study was to determine the longitudinal effects of a series of stressful gross anatomy tests on the immune system. Thirty-six freshman occupational therapy students completed a written stress evaluation survey, and saliva samples were obtained at baseline and prior to each of three timed-practical gross anatomy tests. Cortisol, secretory IgA (sIgA), and IL-12 concentrations were measured within the salivary samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total scores from the stress surveys were used as markers for environmental stress. Data were compiled for each student at baseline and prior to each examination and were compared by repeated-measures MANOVA and Pearson's correlation test. Following normalization for protein concentration and flow rate, the concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, and sIgA progressively increased from baseline to the third test. Cortisol concentrations, following normalization for flow rate, were highest prior to the first test and became significantly reduced prior to second and third test. Prior to second and third test, salivary concentrations of IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, and sIgA were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). In contrast, prior to third test, there was a negative correlation between salivary concentrations of cortisol and IL-12 (P < 0.05). Progressive increases in salivary sIgA, IL-6, IL-2, and IL-12 concentrations from the first to the third test coincident to decreased salivary cortisol suggest that the initial examination stressors precede significant effects on the immune system. These data suggest that there may be latent effects of examination stress on the immune system and that saliva can be used to predict these effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Saliva Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of saliva for assessment of stress and its effect on the immune system prior to gross anatomy practical examinations

Lester

Brown

Aycock

et al. 2010

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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“…In a cross-sectional study of 28 women aged 23-78, subjects were divided into two groups -an older post-menopausal group on oestrogen replacement therapy and a younger pre-menopausal group. 15 The older group had reduced alveolar bone density from which the authors concluded menopause may cause reductions in alveolar bone density. Clearly the effect of aging will have a major influence here and the choice of the control group in this study is highly questionable.…”

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 98%

Peridonatal manifestations of systemic disease

Kinane

Marshall²

2001

Australian Dental Journal

140

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Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection of the supporting structures of the teeth. The host response to infection is an important factor in determining the extent and severity of periodontal disease. Systemic factors modify periodontitis principally through their effects on the normal immune and inflammatory mechanisms.Several conditions may give rise to an increased prevalence, incidence or severity of gingivitis and periodontitis. The effects of a significant number of systemic diseases upon periodontitis are unclear and often it is difficult to causally link such diseases to periodontitis. In many cases the literature is insufficient to make definite statements on links between certain systemic factors and periodontitis and for several conditions only case reports exist whereas in other areas an extensive literature is present.A reduction in number or function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) can result in an increased rate and severity of periodontal destruction. Medications such as phenytoin, nifedipine, and cyclosporin predispose to gingival overgrowth in response to plaque and changes in hormone levels may increase severity of plaqueinduced gingival inflammation. Immuno‐suppressive drug therapy and any disease resulting in suppression of the normal inflammatory and immune mechanisms (such as HIV infection) may perdispose the individual to periodontal destruction. There is convincing evidence that smoking has a detrimental effect on periodontal health. The histiocytoses diseases may present as necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and numerous genetic polymorphisms relevant to inflammatory and immune processess are being evaluated as modifying factors in periodontal disease. Periodontitis severity and prevalence are increased in diabetics and worse in poorly controlled diabetics. Periodontitis may exacerbate diabetes by decreasing glycaemic control. This indicates a degree of synergism between the two diseases. The relative risk of cardiovascular disease is doubled in subjects with periodontal disease. Periodontal and cardiovascular disease share many common risk and socio‐economic factors, particularly smoking, which is a powerful risk factor for both diseases. The actual underlying aetiology of both diseases is complex as are the potential mechanisms whereby the diseases may be causally linked. It is thought that the chronic inflammatory and microbial burden in periodontal disease may predispose to cardiovascular disease in ways proposed for other infections such as with Chlamydia pneumoniae. To move from the current association status of both diseases to causality requires much additional evidence.Determining the role a systemic disease plays in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is very difficult as several obstacles affect the design of the necessary studies. Control groups need to be carefully matched in respect of age, gender, oral hygiene and socio‐economic status. Many studies, particularly before the aetionlogical importance of dental plaque was recognised, failed to include such controls. Longitudinal studies spanning several years are preferable in individulas both with and without systemic disease, due to the time period in which periodontitis will develop.

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“…Inflammation-mediated alterations in periodontium and tooth mobility might be expected to be magnified in the presence of generalised skeletal disturbance. The potential pathways linking periodontal destruction and tooth mobility with low skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) may include dietary intake, genetic factors and oestrogen deficiency, which may influence the production of inflammatory cytokines (12)(13)(14)(15). However, the literature lacks evidence providing unequivocal conclusions on this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of tooth mobility with systemic bone mineral density and periodontal status in Indian women

et al. 2012

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Imbalanced bone remodelling associated with osteopaenic or osteoporotic conditions can lead to a net bone loss throughout the skeleton, including the oral cavity, possibly leading to tooth mobility. This study investigated possible associations between systemic bone mineral density and both tooth mobility and periodontal status in peri-menopausal women. Subjects comprised 119 dentate, perimenopausal Indian women between 40 and 54 years old. Clinical parameters recorded were systemic bone mineral density (BMD), tooth mobility in terms of Periotest value (PTV score), clinical attachment loss (CAL), pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI) and sulcular bleeding index (SBI). Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations between PTV score and T-score. PTV score correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with T-score, PD and CAL. The partial correlation coefficient between PTV score and T-score after adjusting for confounders was -0.3676 (P < 0.05). Results of one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between mean PTV scores for osteoporotic, osteopaenic and normal patients. In this population of peri-menopausal women, systemic bone mineral density represented an independent factor associated with tooth mobility. (J Oral Sci 54, 177-182, 2012)

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Comparison of Alveolar Bone Loss, Alveolar Bone Density and Second Metacarpal Bone Density, Salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-6 Concentrations in Healthy Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women on Estrogen Therapy

Abstract: The results of the study suggest that changes in alveolar bone density and levels of bone resorptive cytokines in saliva may be secondary to changes in menopausal status. These changes may predispose loss of alveolar bone with resultant loss of teeth.

Cited by 75 publications

References 19 publications

Use of saliva for assessment of stress and its effect on the immune system prior to gross anatomy practical examinations

Use of saliva for assessment of stress and its effect on the immune system prior to gross anatomy practical examinations

Peridonatal manifestations of systemic disease

Correlation of tooth mobility with systemic bone mineral density and periodontal status in Indian women

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