Comparison of Allogeneic Bone Plate and Guided Bone Regeneration Efficiency in Horizontally Deficient Maxillary Alveolar Ridges

Abstract

(1) Background: Bone Lamina Technique and Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) are commonly used for horizontally-deficient maxillary ridge reconstruction, although more detailed evaluation to assess the differences between such techniques is necessitated. (2) Methods: In this retrospective study, patients having a horizontal bone width of ≤4 mm in the maxilla, who were treated with Cortical Strut (CS), were collected to represent the “test group”, and those treated with GBR with no CS involvement represented the “control group”. A 1:1 mixture of autogenous bone (AB) and anorganic bovine bone (ABB) with resorbable collagen membrane was applied to both groups. Volumetric changes between groups were measured with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The primary outcome represented volumetric graft resorption rate whilst the secondary outcomes represented any probable complications and implant insertion torque. (3) Results: A total of 36 patients were included in this study (36 grafted sites; 18 for CS group and 18 for GBR group). Mean bone graft volume reduction in the CS and GBR groups was 8.26 ± 1.60% and 14.36 ± 3.55%, respectively. The GBR group showed significantly more bone resorption than the CS group (p < 0.001). Complications and insertion torque were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Both CS and GBR techniques for hard-tissue augmentation provided sufficient bone graft mass volume for implant insertion, whereas CS demonstrated lower resorption rate at maxillary augmented sites, compared to GBR.

Buccal Plate Regeneration Using Particulate Allograft Materials in Implants Rehabilitation

“…Regarding buccal plate regeneration, the buccal bone plate of the alveolar process is a critical component closely related to the tooth it supports, and its remodeling can impair the cosmetic and functional success of implant surgery at the affected locations [18]. Various surgical techniques can replace alveolar bone loss, distraction osteogenesis, and inlay and on lay grafting, including GBR, free vascularized auto grafts, and ridge splitting [4].…”

“…Hard tissue can be improved using the well-known GBR procedure, which can repair both horizontal and vertical flaws. Autogenous bone grafts are the gold standard for hard tissue augmentation treatments because they transmit vital minerals, proteins, and bone-related cells to the recipient location, encouraging bone regeneration and boosting bone augmentation success [2,4].…”

“…Bone resorption is also seen after implant insertion and is thought to result from the surgical stress and the tissues' adaptation to the new foreign object. Planning an immediate implant requires a type 1 socket, and the thickness of the buccal alveolar bone wall experiences significant remodeling, impacting the implant's volume and how the soft and hard tissues interact with it [4].…”

“…In conclusion, bone regeneration techniques have side effects at the donor site. Other bone graft materials, such as ABB and CS, have also provided an effective scaffold for forming new bone and improving hard tissue [4]. The literature also highlights that for the creation of new bone to be possible, there must be enough stability and minimal stress exposure because a new vascular system is vulnerable to degeneration brought on by mechanical conditions [2].…”

Regeneration of Horizontal Bone Defect in Edentulous Maxilla Using the Allogenic Bone-Plate Shell Technique and a Composite Bone Graft—A Case Report

“…Allografts can be used in either the particulate or block graft form and can be used alone or combined with autogenous, xenogeneic, or alloplastic materials. When evaluating and comparing GBR procedures with allogeneic and autologous bone grafts, several authors have reported comparable results and similar survival and success rates for implants placed in augmented areas [ 17 ].…”