Comparison of Aerosol Optical Depth Products from Multi-Satellites over Densely Populated Cities of Pakistan

Abstract

Air pollution in Pakistan is causing damage to health, environment and quality of life. Air pollution in Pakistan is not effectively monitored due to heavy cost involved in setting up ground stations. However, Satellite remote sensing can effectively monitor the air pollution in terms of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at regional as well as global level. However, algorithms used to derive AOD from different sensors have some inherited differences which can pose challenges in monitoring regional AOD at high temporal resolution using more than one sensor. Therefore, this study focuses on comparison of four major satellite based AOD products namely Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS), Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), Ozone Monitoring Instrument multiwavelength (OMI) aerosol product and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) with the ground based AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) AOD which is only available from Lahore and Karachi in Pakistan. The correlation of various AOD products with AERONET AOD is estimated statistically through coefficient of determination (R 2 ), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), slope and intercept. It is noticed that MODIS is relatively accurate and reliable for monitoring air quality on operational bases over the land cover area of Lahore (R 2 = 0.78; RMSE = 0.18), whereas MISR over the coastal areas of Karachi (R 2 = 0.82; RMSE = 0.20). The results of the study will help the stakeholders in planning additional ground stations for operational monitoring of air quality at regional level.

Environmental impacts of shifts in energy, emissions, and urban heat island during the COVID-19 lockdown across Pakistan

“…(2019) estimated PM 2.5 concentration over the Indian region from the space-based AOD observations. In Pakistan, several studies have demonstrated that Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) based AOD measurements are useful in understanding the seasonal and spatial variations in aerosol concentrations with a reasonable degree of accuracy ( Butt et al., 2018 ).…”

Variations in the aerosol index and its relationship with meteorological parameters over Pakistan using remote sensing

“…The majority of the aerosol concentration is due to natural aerosols including sea salt and dust particles, they may be transferred from Indian locations such as Delhi and the Thar Desert, enhanced by local sources, and then transported to the Arabian Sea. Butt et al (2018) similarly, determine that the majority of aerosols over Karachi are due to sea salt from the Arabian Sea and dust particles. Tariq and Ul-Haq (2018b) show similar outcomes of HYSPLIT backward trajectories for Karachi for the year 2013.…”