Comparison of a Multipore Column with a Mixed-Bed Column for Size Exclusion Chromatography

Nagata, Masatoshi; Kato, Takahisa; Furutani, Haruyoshi

doi:10.1080/10826079808000528

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Most of the research done in analyzing different adsorbents is centered on pore geometry, pore size distribution, resolution, number of theoretical plates, etc. [3,13,15] However, other authors [16] attribute the observed differences to lattice heterogeneities arising due to the crosslinking process and to the crosslinker content, and clearly affecting the swelling degree of the polymeric gel. In this regard, investigations of the swelling behavior of gels have been often reported, but only a few were concerned with swelling in polymer solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Quantitative Evaluation of the Swelling and Crosslinking Degrees in Two Organic Gel Packings for SEC

Garcı́a

Recalde

Figueruelo

et al. 2001

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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The elution behavior of different solvent/polymer systems has been studied by means of size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) in two organic column packings based on polystyrene/divinylbenzene (PS/DVB) copolymer, named μ‐styragel and TSK‐Gel HHR. Both packings offer similar characteristics (pore size, particle size, efficiency) but some differences arise when eluting the same systems. The different elution behavior observed in both polymeric gels has been analyzed in terms of their swelling and crosslinking degrees. To evaluate the magnitude of these parameters, a new equation is proposed which has been derived from the Flory‐Huggins theory of swelling equilibrium, and takes into account binary and ternary thermodynamic interaction functions. The equation appropriately predicts the experimental results, showing that the gel that exhibits more solute‐packing attractive interactions (or adsorption as secondary mechanism) is also the one with the highest crosslinking degree or lowest swelling ratio. In this sense, the μ‐styragel column was the most crosslinked polymer network. In addition, the influence of solvent nature, polymer nature, and solute composition on the observed swelling degree has also been compared in both packings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Quantitative Evaluation of the Swelling and Crosslinking Degrees in Two Organic Gel Packings for SEC

Garcı́a

Recalde

Figueruelo

et al. 2001

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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“…Under certain conditions, interactions between the stationary phase and the analyte may additionally depend on the way the stationary phase [typically a copolymer of polystyrene-divinylbenzene (DVB)] is synthesized by the producer (25). In this re g a rd, it is largely known (4,25,(29)(30)(31)(32) that when comparing columns with the same packing but from diff e rent commercial suppliers, they contain d i ff e rent auxiliary components (surfactants and protecting colloids) that remain in the columns, playing a significant role in the c h romatographic resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-Exclusion Chromatographic Determination of Polymer Molar Mass Averages Using a Fractal Calibration

Garcı́a-Lopera

Codoñer

Bañó

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatographic Science

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The characterization of polymers by size-exclusion chromatography basically consists of the determination of the weight-average molar mass (Mw), number-average molar mass (Mn), and polydispersity index (I). An accurate estimation of these magnitudes requires the use of a reliable and trusted calibration curve. Three procedures for building up a calibration curve are analyzed in this work. The first is the classical universal calibration (UC), based on the elution of tetrahydrofuran-polystyrene in a system as reference. The second is based on the proper calibration curve made with standards of the sample under study. However, two main drawbacks arise when using these methodologies: the nonfulfilment of the UC when secondary mechanisms, other than pure size-exclusion, are present in the separation process; and the lack of a broad set of narrow standards of the sample under analysis in the second procedure. In order to circumvent these difficulties, a third, recently-proposed approach based on fractal considerations is applied. The accuracy and reliability of this method is proven through the calculation of the deviations observed in the estimation of the Mw values for polymer samples in different solvent-gel chromatographic systems. Whereas the classical UC shows a mean deviation of approximately 80% relative to the values given by the manufacturer, the fractal calibration yields a mean deviation of approximately 16%, similar to that obtained from the proper calibration. Moreover, the fractal procedure only needs one polymeric sample to generate the calibration curve.

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“…In an ideal experiment, only entropic effects play a role, and molecules are solely separated by size. However, in most cases enthalpic processes due to polymer gel–polymer solute interactions, in addition to solvent–polymer and solvent–gel matrix interactions have to be taken into account since they affect the values of the sample elution volume 1–9. When these nonexclusion secondary mechanisms are present, mainly as adsorption, the polymer–polymer interactions increase and shift the retention volumes of solute macromolecules to higher values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Concentration Effects on Elution Volumes by Using the Preferential Solvation Parameter in Two SEC Packings

Garcı́a-Lopera

Gómez

Abad

et al. 2002

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) elution behavior of different solvent/polymer systems has been analyzed from chromatographic, thermodynamic, and hydrodynamic points of view in two organic column packings based on polystyrene/divinylbenzene (PS/DVB) copolymer, μ‐styragel and TSK‐Gel HHR. Although both packings present similar chromatographic properties, some differences arise when eluting the same systems. The values of the adsorption distribution coefficients, Kp, have been correlated with the preferential solvation coefficient, λ (see Figure), for both packings, showing that those systems with lower and negative λ values (denoting higher preferential solvation of the polymer by the gel packing) are those with Kp > 1. In addition, the main goal has been to make use of the λ values to adequately interpret the dependence of the elution volumes on injected polymer concentration. In this regard, the experimental concentration effects have been completely explained by taking into account not only the conventional hydrodynamic factors but also thermodynamic aspects such as the preferential solvation phenomenon.Plot of the preferential solvation coefficient, λ, as a function of the volume fraction of polymer (2), ϕ2, at three hydrodynamic volumes, Vh = 106 (○ •); 107 (□ ▪), and 108 (▵ ▴) mL · mol−1 for the system THF/PBD/PS (μ‐styragel: empty symbols; TSK‐Gel HHR (solid symbols).magnified imagePlot of the preferential solvation coefficient, λ, as a function of the volume fraction of polymer (2), ϕ2, at three hydrodynamic volumes, Vh = 106 (○ •); 107 (□ ▪), and 108 (▵ ▴) mL · mol−1 for the system THF/PBD/PS (μ‐styragel: empty symbols; TSK‐Gel HHR (solid symbols).

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Comparison of a Multipore Column with a Mixed-Bed Column for Size Exclusion Chromatography

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Quantitative Evaluation of the Swelling and Crosslinking Degrees in Two Organic Gel Packings for SEC

Quantitative Evaluation of the Swelling and Crosslinking Degrees in Two Organic Gel Packings for SEC

Size-Exclusion Chromatographic Determination of Polymer Molar Mass Averages Using a Fractal Calibration

An Analysis of the Concentration Effects on Elution Volumes by Using the Preferential Solvation Parameter in Two SEC Packings

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