Comparison of a live attenuated and an inactivated varicella vaccine to boost the varicella-specific immune response in seropositive people 55 years of age and older

Levine, Myron; Ellison, Misoo C.; Zerbe, Gary O.; Barber, Deb; Chan, Christina Y.; Stinson, Diane; Jones, Mitchell L.; Hayward, Anthony R.

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00552-6

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Triple vaccination of bone marrow transplant patients with a heat-inactivated varicella vaccine administered s.c. decreased the severity of herpes zoster (6) and four s.c. doses of a heat-inactivated zoster vaccine proved safe and immunogenic in patients with tumor malignancy, HIV-infected individuals, or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (7). When healthy elderly subjects were immunized s.c. with a single dose of either live or heat-inactivated varicella vaccine, there were no differences in antibody responses or IFN-␥ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (8). These data indicated that a heat-inactivated VZV vaccine might be useful in preventing herpes zoster.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

High-Level Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Guinea Pigs Immunized Intradermally with a Heat-Inactivated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine

Sarkadi

Jankovics

Fodor

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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V aricella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella by primary infection and herpes zoster by reactivation of the latent virus in the sensory ganglia of infected individuals. After primary infection, the immune response comprises VZV-specific antibody and T cell-mediated immunity (CMI), which are important for recovery from varicella. T cell responses are necessary to control latent VZV in the sensory ganglia. A lack or a declining level of CMI to VZV has been associated with a higher risk of development of herpes zoster (1).A varicella vaccine consisting of live, attenuated strain OKA (vOKA) has been developed in Japan and licensed for mass vaccination in Japan, South Korea, the United States, and several European countries or recommended for only selected groups of the population in other countries (2, 3). To prevent herpes zoster, a zoster vaccine containing 14 times as many PFU of vOKA than the varicella vaccine was developed and licensed for the vaccination of immunocompetent subjects older than 60 years in the United States in 2006 (4). Varicella and zoster vaccines are administered by the subcutaneous (s.c.) route. However, vaccination of immunocompromised individuals with live VZV vaccines can be problematic and different strategies for safe immunization need to be explored (5).Several clinical studies have indicated that the use of a heatinactivated VZV vaccine is an alternative mode of immunization of immunocompromised individuals. Triple vaccination of bone marrow transplant patients with a heat-inactivated varicella vaccine administered s.c. decreased the severity of herpes zoster (6) and four s.c. doses of a heat-inactivated zoster vaccine proved safe and immunogenic in patients with tumor malignancy, HIV-infected individuals, or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (7). When healthy elderly subjects were immunized s.c. with a single dose of either live or heat-inactivated varicella vaccine, there were no differences in antibody responses or IFN-␥ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (8). These data indicated that a heat-inactivated VZV vaccine might be useful in preventing herpes zoster. However, protection against herpes zoster following immunization with either a live or heat-inactivated vaccine is not optimal and a more potent antigenic stimulus is needed to improve the efficacy of the vaccine in high-risk patients (9).The skin is a highly immunogenic organ (10). Noninvasive, needle-free liquid jet injection of liquid or powder into the skin has been used in clinical trials for immunization against viral infections (11-13). The barrier structure and thickness of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, are similar in guinea pigs and humans (18.6 and 18.2 m, respectively) (14), and thus, the i.d. route of immunization and the effectiveness of a potential i.d. delivery device for humans can be tested in guinea pigs. Moreover, the parental OKA strain is attenuated in human

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confidence: 79%

High-Level Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Guinea Pigs Immunized Intradermally with a Heat-Inactivated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine

Sarkadi

Jankovics

Fodor

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…Notwithstanding this limitation, our results were consistent with previous study in which live-attenuated vaccine was shown to boost VZV-specific immune response in sero-positive people. 12 In addition, our results raise a number of issues that may shed light on a better prophylactic strategy of VZV reactivation post-HSCT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Safety of vaccinating sibling donors with live-attenuated varicella zoster vaccine before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Leung

Chow

Kwok

et al. 2007

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV), clinically manifested as herpes zoster (HZ) is a common complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The optimum prophylaxis for this disease has not been defined. In this study, we examined the effects of vaccinating donors with a live-attenuated vaccine with particular reference to their immune responses and the outcome of HSCT patients. Forty prospective HLAmatched sibling donors were vaccinated before HSCT. There were humoral immune responses in both seropositive (Po0.01) and sero-negative (P ¼ 0.058) donors. Cellular immune response was assayed in 26 donors. Significant correlation was observed between cellular immune responses as enumerated by thymidine incorporation and interferon c secretion (Po0.001) and the latter was used in subsequent analyses. Significant response was observed in sero-negative (6/26) and a group of seropositive (13/26) donors while 7/26 sero-positive donors showed no response. Thirty-four HSCT were performed. These patients have a lower, albeit insignificant, risk of HZ compared with historical controls and only 3/34 patients developed single dermatomal HZ at 6, 9 and 28 months after HSCT. No patients developed VZV-related mortality. Vaccinating donors with live-attenuated VZV vaccine was safe, but whether it confers a significant protection to the patients would require further study.

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“…[87][88][89][90][91][92] Although the studies all found some significant responses to the vaccines and there were no serious adverse events related to the vaccinations, the increases in cellular immunity were not strong enough and were mostly transient.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 96%

New viral vaccines for dermatologic disease

Urman

Gottlieb

2008

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Comparison of a live attenuated and an inactivated varicella vaccine to boost the varicella-specific immune response in seropositive people 55 years of age and older

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

High-Level Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Guinea Pigs Immunized Intradermally with a Heat-Inactivated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine

High-Level Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Guinea Pigs Immunized Intradermally with a Heat-Inactivated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine

Safety of vaccinating sibling donors with live-attenuated varicella zoster vaccine before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

New viral vaccines for dermatologic disease

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