Comparison of 5 and 10mm thick HgI2 pixelated γ-ray spectrometers

Baciak, James E.; He, Zhong

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01049-0

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As long as the shaping time used is sufficiently long, a very high charge collection efficiency can be achieved. Note that the measured (μτ) e shown in Table III are higher than those previously reported by Baciak et al [6], [7], Bolotnikov et al [14], and Hitomi et al [15]. Improvement in material quality, especially in electron drifting characteristics may be the key for the dramatic improvements in spectroscopic performance of thick HgI 2 detectors.…”

Section: B Electron Mobility and Lifetime Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…This information is then used to correct for the effects of electron trapping and the depth-dependent weighting potential in detector bulk. Energy resolutions of 1.5%-2% at 662 keV have been demonstrated on several 10 × 10 × 10 mm 3 HgI 2 detectors [6], [7]. In this paper, we present a detailed study for evaluating several newly developed HgI 2 detectors having similar configurations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic performance of thick HgI/sub 2/ detectors

Meng

Alexander

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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This paper presents the spectroscopic performance of two newly developed pixelated HgI 2 detectors. These detectors are 1 × 1 × 0.814 cm 3 and 1 × 1 × 1.016 cm 3 in size. Each detector has four closely packed 1 × mm 2 anode pixels at the center of one of the 1 × 1 cm 2 surfaces. These anode pixels are surrounded by a large anode. All results presented here are based on events from a sub-volume underneath the anode pixels. In these detectors, signals were read out by a discrete electronics based on multiple A-250 pre-amplifiers and a digital oscilloscope for sampling pulse waveforms. Depth sensing technique was used to correct the depth-dependent variation in photopeak amplitude. Main results presented are: (1) energy resolutions of 0.85 ~ 1.3% have been achieved on these detectors; (2) the electron mobility-lifetime product was measured to be ~1 × 10 −2 cm 2 /V and the measured electron lifetime was ~200 μs and (3) variation in electron drifting properties under different anode pixels were observed. Significant non-uniformity in internal electric field strength was also experimentally demonstrated.

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Section: B Electron Mobility and Lifetime Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 59%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic performance of thick HgI/sub 2/ detectors

Meng

Alexander

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Equation (2) implies that for insulators following the Debye model, FWHM decreases as T 5/2 at temperatures below 1 K, making low operating temperature highly desirable.…”

Section: Cryogenic Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, operating below 1 K, cryogenic calorimeters have been used in X-ray astronomy, in the search for dark matter, and more recently in gamma ray spectroscopy, and have achieved better than 70 eV resolution at 60 keV [1], a factor of 4 to 5 improvement over what can be achieved by germanium at that energy. Meanwhile, at the other end of the temperature spectrum, the development of new, wide band-gap semiconductors has sparked research in room temperature gamma ray detectors and has held out the hope of 1 -2% resolution and freedom from cryogenics [2,3].With such results being reported from the X-and gamma ray world it is natural to examine the possibilities for neutron detection. A cryogenic neutron detector would operate by detecting the heat pulses caused by neutron capture and scattering, while a semiconducting detector would detect the nuclear reaction products from a sensitizer (for example, fission fragments detected in a 235 U-coated Si diode) or from some constituent of the semiconductor.…”

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Neutron detection with cryogenics and semiconductors

Bell

Carpenter

Cristy

et al. 2005

phys. stat. sol. (c)

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PACS 29.30.Hs, 29.40.Vj, 29.40.Wk The common methods of neutron detection are reviewed with special attention paid to the application of cryogenics and semiconductors to the problem. The authors' work with LiF-and boron-based cryogenic instruments is described as well as the use of CdTe and HgI 2 for direct detection of neutrons. 1 Introduction Advances in materials and methods have enabled the detection of radiation by means today that would have seemed, to pioneers in the field a century ago, like science fiction. Improvements in technology have resulted, for gamma ray detection, in high-purity germanium operating at 77 K and providing 0.1% energy resolution above 1 MeV, more than an order of magnitude improvement over what was (and still is) achievable by scintillators. However, operating below 1 K, cryogenic calorimeters have been used in X-ray astronomy, in the search for dark matter, and more recently in gamma ray spectroscopy, and have achieved better than 70 eV resolution at 60 keV [1], a factor of 4 to 5 improvement over what can be achieved by germanium at that energy. Meanwhile, at the other end of the temperature spectrum, the development of new, wide band-gap semiconductors has sparked research in room temperature gamma ray detectors and has held out the hope of 1 -2% resolution and freedom from cryogenics [2,3].With such results being reported from the X-and gamma ray world it is natural to examine the possibilities for neutron detection. A cryogenic neutron detector would operate by detecting the heat pulses caused by neutron capture and scattering, while a semiconducting detector would detect the nuclear reaction products from a sensitizer (for example, fission fragments detected in a 235 U-coated Si diode) or from some constituent of the semiconductor.In the following sections, the common methods of neutron detection are described and their deficiencies with respect to neutron spectroscopy at energies above thermal (0.025 eV) are outlined. Published work on neutron-detecting cryogenic calorimeters will be reviewed and work by the present authors on boron-and lithium-based instruments will be discussed. Turning to semiconductors, we review work with coated and native (uncoated) semiconductor, including Cd 1-x Zn x Te (CZT) and HgI 2 , as applied to neutron detection. Results obtained by the authors with HgI 2 will be shown.

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Inorganic Halide Perovskitoid TlPbI₃ for Ionizing Radiation Detection

Lin

McCall

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Room temperature semiconductor detector (RTSD) materials for γ‐ray and X‐ray radiation are in great demand for the nonproliferation of nuclear materials as well as for biomedical imaging applications. Halide perovskites have attracted great attention as emerging and promising RTSD materials. In this contribution, the material synthesis, purification, crystal growth, crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, ionizing radiation detection performance, and electronic structure of the inorganic halide perovskitoid compound TlPbI3 are reported on. This compound crystallizes in the ABX3 non‐perovskite crystal structure with a high density of d = 6.488 g·cm–3, has a wide bandgap of 2.25 eV, and melts congruently at a low temperature of 360 °C without phase transitions, which allows for facile growth of high quality crystals with few thermally‐activated defects. High‐quality TlPbI3 single crystals of centimeter‐size are grown using the vertical Bridgman method using purified raw materials. A high electrical resistivity of ≈1012 Ω·cm is readily obtainable, and detectors made of TlPbI3 single crystals are highly photoresponsive to Ag Kα X‐rays (22.4 keV), and detects 122 keV γ‐rays from 57Co radiation source. The electron mobility‐lifetime product µeτe was estimated at 1.8 × 10–5 cm2·V–1. A high relative static dielectric constant of 35.0 indicates strong capability in screening carrier scattering and charged defects in TlPbI3.

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Comparison of 5 and 10mm thick HgI2 pixelated γ-ray spectrometers

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Spectroscopic performance of thick HgI/sub 2/ detectors

Spectroscopic performance of thick HgI/sub 2/ detectors

Neutron detection with cryogenics and semiconductors

Inorganic Halide Perovskitoid TlPbI₃ for Ionizing Radiation Detection

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Comparison of 5 and 10mm thick HgI2 pixelated γ-ray spectrometers

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Spectroscopic performance of thick HgI/sub 2/ detectors

Spectroscopic performance of thick HgI/sub 2/ detectors

Neutron detection with cryogenics and semiconductors

Inorganic Halide Perovskitoid TlPbI3 for Ionizing Radiation Detection

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Product

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Inorganic Halide Perovskitoid TlPbI₃ for Ionizing Radiation Detection