Comparison of 3D Gradient‐Echo Versus 2D Sequences for Assessing Shoulder Joint Image Quality in MRI

Abstract

Background: Three‐dimensional gradient‐echo (3D‐GRE) sequences provide isotropic or nearly isotropic 3D images, leading to better visualization of smaller structures, compared to two‐dimensional (2D) sequences. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare 2D and 3D‐GRE sequences in terms of key imaging metrics, including signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), glenohumeral joint space, image quality, artifacts, and acquisition time in shoulder joint images, using 1.5‐T MRI scanner.Methods: Thirty‐five normal volunteers with no history of shoulder disorders prospectively underwent a shoulder MRI examination with conventional 2D sequences, including T1‐ and T2‐weighted fast spin echo (T1/T2w FSE) as well as proton density‐weighted FSE with fat saturation (PD‐FS) followed by 3D‐GRE sequences including VIBE, TRUEFISP, DESS, and MEDIC techniques. Two independent reviewers assessed all images of the shoulder joints. Pearson correlation coefficient and intra‐RR were used for reliability test.Results: Among 3D‐GRE sequences, TRUEFISP showed significantly the best CNR between cartilage‐bone (31.37 ± 2.57, p < 0.05) and cartilage‐muscle (13.51 ± 1.14, p < 0.05). TRUEFISP also showed the highest SNR for cartilage (41.65 ± 2.19, p < 0.01) and muscle (26.71 ± 0.79, p < 0.05). Furthermore, 3D‐GRE sequences showed significantly higher image quality, compared to 2D sequences (p < 0.001). Moreover, the acquisition time of the 3D‐GRE sequences was considerably shorter than the total acquisition time of PD‐FS sequences in three orientations (p < 0.01).Conclusions: 3D‐GRE sequences provide superior image quality and efficiency for evaluating articular joints, particularly in shoulder imaging. The TRUEFISP technique offers the best contrast and signal quality, making it a valuable tool in clinical practice.