Comparison of 3D aerodynamic models for vertical-axis wind turbines: H-rotor and Φ-rotor

Tavernier, Delphine De; Sakib, Mohammad Sadman; Griffith, T.; Pirrung, Georg Raimund; Paulsen, Uwe Schmidt; Madsen, Helge Aagaard; Keijer, W.; Ferreira, Carlos

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1618/5/052041

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This is a 2D model which is an extension to the actuator disk concept to an actuator surface coinciding with the swept area of a VAWT 53 . The 2D actuator cylinder model assumes an infinite number of blades, and there is no aerodynamic coupling between the two‐dimensional slices 38,45,54 . AC2D model is a good candidate for this study, since it can capture the effects of variable loading due to intracycle RPM variation with azimuth and subsequent local induced velocity change with accuracy and without being computationally expensive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details on CACTUS validation with experimental turbines and comparison with other aerodynamic models can be found in earlier studies. 28,38,39 In this work, a 5 MW VAWT has been used as a reference or baseline turbine as reported in another study. 11 The baseline VAWT is a Darrieus-type rotor, and both two-bladed and three-bladed designs, as shown in Figure 1, are examined in this study.…”

Section: Aerodynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 The 2D actuator cylinder model assumes an infinite number of blades, and there is no aerodynamic coupling between the two-dimensional slices. 38,45,54 AC2D model is a good candidate for this study, since it can capture the effects of variable loading due to intracycle RPM variation with azimuth and subsequent local induced velocity change with accuracy and without being computationally expensive. Even though there have been 3D implementations (AC3D), the rotor performance is significantly overpredicted due to the absence of tip, strut, tower, excrescence torque loss modeling, and lack of aerodynamic coupling between blade elements, which are all features that can be captured with CACTUS RSM for constant RPM operation.. 55 In Figure 11, the angle of attack and the local velocity as a function of azimuth are presented for variable loading conditions or intracycle RPM control at four different wind speeds for both the CACTUS RSM and AC2D model.…”

Section: Proof Of Concept Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intracycle RPM control for vertical axis wind turbines

Sadman Sakib,

Todd Griffith,

Hossain

et al. 2023

Wind Energy

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The wind energy market is currently dominated by horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs); however, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are emerging as a design alternative, especially for deep‐water offshore siting due to their low center of gravity, ease of access to drivetrain components, and overall simplicity. Due to the absence of a pitch mechanism in large‐scale Darrieus VAWTs, stall control has often been used to manage power and loads. Introducing a pitching mechanism in H‐type VAWTs has been studied, but this diminishes the mechanical simplicity advantage, and the use of a pitching mechanism in a large‐scale Darrieus‐type VAWT is not practical. This work examines an innovative, alternative method to control the rotor dynamics of a large‐scale 5 MW VAWT to maximize power while constraining loads without introducing any new or complex mechanical elements. This control strategy is termed intracycle revolution per minute (RPM) control, where the rotational speed of the turbine is allowed to vary in an optimal fashion with the azimuthal location of blades as opposed to typical constant RPM operation. An optimization framework is formulated for an open‐loop optimal control problem and solved to maximize power subject to constraints on aerodynamic design loads. Results are presented to demonstrate the benefits and the performance limits of intracycle RPM control for large‐scale 5 MW Darrieus VAWTs, namely, (1) power production (quantified in terms of AEP) that can be increased subject to baseline load limits and (2) opportunities to significantly increase AEP or decrease loads via intracycle RPM control that are examined for both two‐bladed and three‐bladed VAWTs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerodynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proof Of Concept Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intracycle RPM control for vertical axis wind turbines

Sadman Sakib,

Todd Griffith,

Hossain

et al. 2023

Wind Energy

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“…It is not the purpose to compare the models internally. Therefore the reader is referred to for 2D model comparison and to De Tavernier et al (2020a) and De Tavernier (2021) for 3D comparisons.…”

Section: Vawt Modeling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Aerodynamics

Tavernier

Ferreira

Goude

2021

Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics

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This chapter highlights the main aerodynamic phenomena and challenges of vertical-axis wind turbines. First, an introduction is provided on the VAWT history and (dis-)advantages. The basics of VAWT aerodynamics and the various rotor simplifications/representations are presented. Further, the state-of-the art aerodynamic modeling techniques, specifically for VAWTs, are discussed. Since VAWTs are inherently unsteady, the main unsteady phenomena that play a crucial role in VAWT aerodynamics are summarized. Finally, wake aerodynamics and the importance of airfoil design for VAWTs are highlighted.

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“…; airfoil polars). More details on aerodynamic modelling and their fidelity can be found in (Ferreira et al (2014); Cheng et al (2016);De Tavernier et al (2020)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parked and Operating Loads Analysis in the Aerodynamic Design of Multi-megawatt-scale Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Sakib

Griffith

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. A good understanding of aerodynamic loading is essential in the design of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) to properly capture design loads and to estimate the power production. This paper presents a comprehensive aerodynamic design study for a 5 MW Darrieus offshore VAWT in the context of multi-megawatt floating VAWTs. This study systematically analyzes the effect of different, important design variables including the number of blades (N), aspect ratio (AR) and blade tapering in a comprehensive loads analysis of both the parked and operating aerodynamic loads including turbine power performance analysis. Number of blades (N) is studied for 2- and 3-bladed turbines, aspect ratio is defined as ratio of rotor height (H) and rotor diameter (D) and studied for values from 0.5 to 1.5, and blade tapering is applied by means of adding solidity to the blades towards blade root ends, which affects aerodynamic and structural performance. Analyses were carried out using a three-dimensional vortex model named CACTUS (Code for Axial and Crossflow TUrbine Simulation) to evaluate both instantaneous azimuthal parameters as well as integral parameters, such as loads (thrust force, lateral force, and torque loading) and power. Parked loading is a major concern for VAWTs, thus this work presents a broad evaluation of parked loads for the design variables noted above. This study also illustrates that during the operation of a turbine, lateral loads are on par with thrust loads, which will significantly affect the structural sizing of rotor and platform & mooring components.

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Comparison of 3D aerodynamic models for vertical-axis wind turbines: H-rotor and Φ-rotor

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Intracycle RPM control for vertical axis wind turbines

Intracycle RPM control for vertical axis wind turbines

Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Aerodynamics

Parked and Operating Loads Analysis in the Aerodynamic Design of Multi-megawatt-scale Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

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