Comparison of 3 corneal cytology collection methods for evaluating equine ulcerative keratitis: Cytobrush, kimura platinum spatula, and handle edge of scalpel blade

Proietto, Laura R.; Beatty, Sarah S K; Plummer, Caryn E.

doi:10.1111/vop.12574

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In this study, a sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 88% were reported for cytology collected by cytobrush compared to the results of culture (Proietto et al . 2019). This is similar to our findings in dogs using a cytobrush for cytology with a sensitivity for rods and cocci of 61 and 68%, respectively, and a specificity of 83 and 93%, respectively, as compared to culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the inter‐rater agreement of corneal cytology and culture findings in canine ulcerative keratitis

Hamzianpour¹,

Adams

Grundon³

et al. 2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives To assess the inter‐rater agreement of corneal cytology findings in canine ulcerative keratitis by veterinary surgeons of different training levels and the agreement of corneal cytology with culture. Materials and Methods Dogs with progressive ulcerative keratitis were prospectively recruited for corneal cytology and culture. Corneal cytology slides were reviewed by veterinary surgeons of different training levels (three general practitioners, three ophthalmologists and three pathologists). The inter‐rater agreement of cytology findings and agreement of cytology with culture was assessed using the kappa measure of agreement. Results The study included 145 corneal cytology samples from 143 dogs (145 eyes) with progressive ulcerative keratitis. Positive cultures were obtained from 81 of 145 (56%) eyes. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Streptococcus canis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The results demonstrated increased inter‐rater agreement of corneal cytology and increased agreement with culture with increased ocular pathology expertise (pathologists > ophthalmologists > general practitioners). Clinical Significance This study provides important information about the diagnostic value of corneal cytology in canine ulcerative keratitis and the most common pathogens involved in such cases in the UK. Based on the results of this study, cytology findings should be interpreted in conjunction with the expertise of the observer. For maximal pathogen identification, both cytology and culture should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the inter‐rater agreement of corneal cytology and culture findings in canine ulcerative keratitis

Hamzianpour¹,

Adams

Grundon³

et al. 2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…In equine cases of PED, underlying infectious or mechanical causes should always be considered, but commonly no infectious agents are identified 12 . Acknowledging the limitations of cytology as a method to isolate an infectious agent in the eye, similarly this horse never returned a positive bacterial, fungal or viral cytology or culture 22,23 . Thus, the case reported supports careful assessment of eyelid function, and any disruption to the tear film matrix, either production or quality, should be noticed to identify PED aetiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Successful management of a unilateral persistent epithelial defect secondary to meibomian gland dysfunction in an Irish Sports Horse using a multi‐modal treatment plan

Armstrong

Blacklock

Keen

et al. 2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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A novel equine multi-modal protocol was implemented for management of unilateral equine dry eye disease and worsening persistent epithelial defects in a clinically well Irish Sports Horse. Utilising knowledge directly from human ophthalmic medicine for meibomian gland dysfunction, the meibomian glands were first mechanically debrided and expressed. Then a four-point treatment protocol was instigated. The protocol comprised hot compressing, artificial tears, autologous serum and a topical azithromycin regimen, resulting in a significant improvement in persistent epithelial defects and clinical signs. This case highlights the benefits of a treatment plan containing both nonpharmacological and pharmacological therapies targeting the lipid component of the tear film matrix in horses with dry eye disease.

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“…A few publications have compared fewer sampling methods [12,13], but animal discomfort was not evaluated in those studies. Therefore, this study aimed to compare five different sampling techniques (mini brush, cotton swab, soft brush, spatula [Kimura platinum spatula], and cytobrush), evaluate the quality of the cytological smears after one and three scrapings of the conjunctiva, and for the 1 st time, to our knowledge, assess animal discomfort during sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of five conjunctival cytology sampling methods in normal cat eyes

2023

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Background and Aim: Ophthalmological cytology is an easy, informative, rapid, and commonly-used low-cost diagnostic method, but sample collection and preparation are essential steps in obtaining qualitative material for cytological evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate cytological smear quality and animal discomfort after single or three serial conjunctival scrapings in normal cat eyes using five sampling methods. Materials and Methods: Five cytology methods (mini brush, cotton swab, soft brush, Kimura spatula, and cytobrush) were used in 50 eyes (10 with one scraping and 10 with three consecutive scrapings for a particular method) in complete 25 clinically and ophthalmologically healthy cats of different ages, sexes, and breeds. Ocular discomfort (1 = eyes open, 2 = partially open, and 3 = eyes squinted), average cell count (ten 10× fields), cell distribution (ten 100× fields: 0 = all cells are aggregated, 1 = <25% cells are evenly distributed, 2 = 25–50% cells are evenly distributed, and 3 = >50% cells are evenly distributed) and sample quality – aggregates (two cells and more), mucus, and artifacts (1+ = fair, 2+ = moderate, and 3+ = high amount) were evaluated. Results: The discomfort scores for the mini brush, cotton swab, soft brush, spatula, and cytobrush after a single and three scrapings were 1, 1, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The average cell counts ± standard deviation after one and three scrapings were as follows: mini brush 11.15 ± 13.87 and 7.55 ± 12.7; cotton swab 7.17 ± 10.20 and 10.00 ± 16.44; soft brush 19.45 ± 22.22 and 8.55 ± 13.82; spatula 17.15 ± 32.94 and 13.85 ± 22.01; and cytobrush 13.35 ± 18.33 and 13.05 ± 19.29, respectively; the cell distributions were 3, 3, 3, 1, and 1 after single scraping and 3, 3, 2, 0, and 2 after three scrapings, respectively. Conclusion: The mini brush was the optimal method since it produced less discomfort, fewer artifacts, and the highest smear quality. Spatula smears were difficult to evaluate due to material thickness. The highest mucus and aggregate amounts were found in cytobrush, cotton swab, and soft brush samples. In this study, small number of samples per each sampling method is a major limitation. Keywords: cat, cytology, conjunctiva, sampling methods.

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Comparison of 3 corneal cytology collection methods for evaluating equine ulcerative keratitis: Cytobrush, kimura platinum spatula, and handle edge of scalpel blade

Abstract: The SB provided the most diagnostic samples but all three techniques are clinically useful in evaluating equine ulcerative keratitis.

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of the inter‐rater agreement of corneal cytology and culture findings in canine ulcerative keratitis

Assessment of the inter‐rater agreement of corneal cytology and culture findings in canine ulcerative keratitis

Successful management of a unilateral persistent epithelial defect secondary to meibomian gland dysfunction in an Irish Sports Horse using a multi‐modal treatment plan

Comparison of five conjunctival cytology sampling methods in normal cat eyes

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