Comparison late cutaneous complications between exposure to sulfur mustard and nerve agents

Emadi, Seyed Naser; Aslani, Jafar; Poursaleh, Zohreh; Izadi, Morteza; Soroush, Mohammadreza; Kafashi, Mohammad; Alavinia, Seyed Ali; Bakhshi, Hossein; Karimi, Amir; Momtaz-Manesh, Kourosh; Babaei, Ali Akbar; Esmaili, Alireza; Raygan, Babak; Emadi, Seyed Emad; Babamahmoodi, Farhang; Emadi, Seyed Abolfazl

doi:10.3109/15569527.2011.641196

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…About the locations of BCC, face and shoulders were the most common affected areas in our study, compared to head and neck in Ferreira et al and Asuquo et al studies (22-24). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Common malignant cutaneous conditions among albinos in Kenya

Emadi

Suleh

Babamahmoodi

et al. 2017

Med J Islam Repub Iran

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Background: Albinos in Africa are at constant risk of developing skin cancer due to the damage caused by ultra-violet exposure. This study identifies the common skin conditions among albinos in Kenya as a country located along the equator. Methods: In this descriptive study on albino patients who were admitted to Mbagathi District Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya the census method was used for sampling and a total of 151 albinos were registered. All necessary data including age, gender, type, site and the number of skin lesions were recorded. Suspected patients with malignant and premalignant lesions were studied individually through skin biopsy and histopathological investigation. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Albinos with serious skin lesions were 121(80%) patients. Females were 64 (52.9%). The frequency of the following premalignant and malignant skin lesions including actinic-cheilitis, solar elastosis, actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were 17.88%, 11.92%, 37.08%, 7.94% and 5.29%, respectively. Hands (20.52%), face (19.20%), head (18.18%), shoulder (14.56%) and neck (7.94%) were the most affected areas by malignant and premalignant lesions. Conclusions: BCC was the most common type of cutaneous malignancy on the face and shoulders while AK was the most common cutaneous pre-malignancy on the hands and face in albinos in Kenya. Therefore, appropriate physical protection, avoiding any trauma when carrying sharp, heavy or rough instruments by the shoulder and hands, and finally urgent and quality treatment for any lesion even a small erosion and ulcer, especially on exposed areas in albinos, are recommended.

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“…About the locations of BCC, face and shoulders were the most common affected areas in our study, compared to head and neck in Ferreira et al and Asuquo et al studies (22-24). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Common malignant cutaneous conditions among albinos in Kenya

Emadi

Suleh

Babamahmoodi

et al. 2017

Med J Islam Repub Iran

Self Cite

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“…In acute phase after SM exposure, erythema and edema with burning appears 2–24 h, followed by appearance of small vesicles within 18 h, which merge to form large bullae or blisters containing clear yellow fluid [6], [7], [11], [12], [31]. By 48 h post-exposure, larger blisters appear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinically-Relevant Cutaneous Lesions by Nitrogen Mustard: Useful Biomarkers of Vesicants Skin Injury in SKH-1 Hairless and C57BL/6 Mice

et al. 2013

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A paucity of clinically applicable biomarkers to screen therapies in laboratory is a limitation in the development of countermeasures against cutaneous injuries by chemical weapon, sulfur mustard (SM), and its analog nitrogen mustard (NM). Consequently, we assessed NM-caused progression of clinical cutaneous lesions; notably, skin injury with NM is comparable to SM. Exposure of SKH-1 hairless and C57BL/6 (haired) mice to NM (3.2 mg) for 12–120 h caused clinical sequelae of toxicity, including microblister formation, edema, erythema, altered pigmentation, wounding, xerosis and scaly dry skin. These toxic effects of NM were similar in both mouse strains, except that wounding and altered pigmentation at 12–24 h and appearance of dry skin at 24 and 72 h post-NM exposure were more pronounced in C57BL/6 compared to SKH-1 mice. Conversely, edema, erythema and microblister formation were more prominent in SKH-1 than C57BL/6 mice at 24–72 h after NM exposure. In addition, 40–60% mortality was observed following 120 h of NM exposure in the both mouse strains. Overall, these toxic effects of NM are comparable to those reported in humans and other animal species with SM, and thus represent clinically-relevant cutaneous injury endpoints in screening and optimization of therapies for skin injuries by vesicating agents.

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“…Emadi et al (2012) compared late cutaneous complications between the two exposure groups of 154 sulfur mustard-exposed cases and 175 nerve agent exposed cases. Only 18.1% of the mustard-exposed group was asymptomatic, compared to 62.4% of the nerve agent exposures.…”

Section: Iran-iraq Warmentioning

confidence: 99%