Comparison between Xylazine-Tiletamine-Zolazepam and Fentanyl-Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anaesthetic Combinations on Plasma Oxidative Status in Sheep

Abstract

It is important to determine varying effects of anaesthetics agents. One of the adverse effects of general anaesthetics are the exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species. In this study, the effects of xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam (XTZ) and fentanyl-tiletamine-zolazepam (FTZ) combinations on plasma oxidant-antioxidant indicators were compared in sheep. Ten ewes received two different anaesthetic combinations in a ten-day interval. XTZ group was injected with xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam. FTZ group was injected with fentanyl and tiletamine-zolazepam. Blood samples were collected before and at the 30, 60, 120 min, 24 h and 3 days after anaesthesia. Both anaesthetic regimens caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in plasma. The MDA concentrations at 60, 120 min and 24 h in the XTZ group were significantly higher than in the FTZ group. Glutathione (GSH) concentration at 30, 60, 120 min and 24 h was significantly lower than baseline values in XTZ group, while there was only a decrease at 120 min in the FTZ group. GSH concentrations in the XTZ group were significantly lower at 60 and 120 min compared with the FTZ group. Beta carotene concentration was decreased at 120 min and 24 h in the XTZ group, while it decreased only at 120 min in the FTZ group. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities decreased at 120 min and 24 h only in the XTZ group. There were no significant differences in -carotene concentration, activities CAT and GSH-Px activities between groups. In conclusion, both XTZ and FTZ anaesthetic regimens induced oxidative stress in sheep. XTZ combination has more detrimental effect than FTZ combinations on particularly MDA and GSH concentrations. Therefore, FTZ anaesthetic combination is considered to be more suitable for sheep anaesthesia, due to less deteriorating effects on oxidant/antioxidant balance. Anaesthesia, oxidative status, sheepGeneral anaesthesia is commonly used for surgical manipulations in small ruminants. An anaesthetic regimen with minimal side effects is desirable when anaesthesia is required for longer than 1 h in sheep (Lagutchik et al. 1991). One of the undesirable complications of general anaesthetics can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that occur during anaesthesia (Godin and Garnett 1994). Reactive oxygen species are produced as by-products of metabolism. In organisms, enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (urate, cysteine, vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene) antioxidant defence systems maintain ROS concentrations in the physiological range. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between ROS and antioxidants defence is disturbed. ROS cause cellular destruction by oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, by changing the structure and function of key cellular constituents that result in mutation, cell damage and death (Simeonova et al. 2004). Thus, ROS play an important role in the pathogenesis of different diseases such as inflammation, carcinogenesis and isch...

Effects of the tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination on plasma oxidative status and haematological indicators in miniature pigs

“…However, other studies examining the use of tiletamine-zolazepam (Ceylan et al 2007) or its combination with xylazine in sheep (Aydilek 2007) and gazelles (Yaralioglu-Gurgoze et al 2005) demonstrated an increase in MDA concentrations, similar to the results of our study. Based on the fact that MDA is one of the end products of lipid peroxidation, and is both an indicator and effector of oxidative stress (Sivaci et al 2006) our study may support the fact that oxygen free radicals are released upon administration of TZXT.…”

“…Under normal circumstances, the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are detoxified via enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defences present in the body when the generated ROS and antioxidants are within the physiological equilibrium range. Enzymatic systems involved include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and non-enzymatic antioxidants include urate, cysteine, vitamin E, vitamin C, and β-carotene (Aydilek 2007;Fidan et al 2009). Oxidative stress in the body occurs when the production of free radicals overwhelms the antioxidant defence systems, resulting in damage of DNA and certain membrane lipids (Halliwell 1994).…”

The effect of vitamin E and L-carnitine against methotrexate-induced injury in rat testis

“…In some studies in which lower doses (10 mg/kg) were administered, it was emphasized that MDA level was not affected and, moreover, not performing anesthesia could be an important factor for this, besides the lower doses (20). In fact, the substances used in anesthesia can increase lipid peroxidation (34). In our study, in which anesthesia was administered with ethical concerns and MTX was administered at relatively higher doses (20 mg/ kg), the significant increase in MDA levels was compatible with the previous studies.…”

Improved Yield and Functional Parameters of Rat Pancreas Islets Isolated under Intramuscular Anesthesia

“…Among these agents, nembutal and urethane are almost always administered as a single drug. Xylazine (alpha 2 adrenaline receptor agonist) is usually combined with ketamine (4, 23) and zoletil (1, 19) to prolong anesthetic and analgesic effects; furthermore, they also provide a muscular relaxation effect. The dissociative anesthetic, ketamine, may be the most widely used injectable anesthetic in veterinary practice.…”