Comparison Between Toxkit Microbiotests and Standard Tests

Persoone, G.; Wadhia, K.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88959-7_23

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Traditionally, aquatic organisms such as crustaceans, fish, and algae are used for aquatic toxicity monitoring [15]. The most popular bioassay used internationally for toxicity screening of chemical compounds and the monitoring of industrial pollutants is certainly the acute toxicity test with freshwater Daphnids such as Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex [16-22]. In experiments using these organisms, a long exposure time and a large sample volume are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicities of Four Parabens and Their Mixtures to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

Lee

Bang

Kim

et al. 2018

Environ Health Toxicol

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The objective of this study was to determine toxicities of four parabens (methyl paraben, MP; ethyl paraben, EP; n-propyl paraben, PP; and n-butyl paraben; BP) and their mixtures to two aquatic microorganisms, Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri. Parabens are one of the widely used preservatives for personal care products, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food also. First, each paraben was treated to D. magna to measure the toxicity levels as LC20 and LC50. The results showed their value of MP (25.2 mg/L, 73.4 mg/L), EP (18.4 mg/L, 43.7 mg/L), PP (10.4 mg/L, 21.1 mg/L) and BP (3.3 mg/L, 11.2 mg/L). Then, each of the parabens was treated to A. fischeri and calculated their EC20 and EC50 by bioluminescence inhibition test. The results showed the values of MP (2.93 mg/L, 16.8 mg/L), EP (1.18 mg/L, 6.74 mg/L), PP (0.51 mg/L, 5.85 mg/L) and BP (0.21 mg/L, 2.34 mg/L). These four parabens belong to the group classified as being ‘harmful to aquatic organisms’ (above 10 mg/L, below 100 mg/L). After measuring the toxicity, EC20 values of two or more parabens were tested in order to investigate their toxicity. A total of ten combinations of four parabens were tested. As a result, the bioluminescence inhibition test of A. fischeri showed that the toxicity of mixture parabens was stronger than that of a single compound and combinations of three parabens showed the highest bioluminescence inhibition. These results showed that independent toxicity of paraben was maintained. Therefore, it can be predictable that the toxicity of paraben is getting stronger by the addition of other parabens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicities of Four Parabens and Their Mixtures to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

Lee

Bang

Kim

et al. 2018

Environ Health Toxicol

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“…More recently, commercial test kits have been produced which simplify testing by removing the requirement for cultures by supplying immobilized test taxa as part of the kit. The results from the same tests using cultured taxa and taxa from kits have been compared and, while there are exceptions, the consensus seems to be that no significant differences exist in the endpoints from these methods (Blaise, 2000;Janssen et al, 2000;Mitchell et al, 2002;Daniel et al, 2004;Persoone et al, 2009;Persoone and Wadhia, 2009). Toxicity test kits have been adopted as a tool in aquatic toxicology because they are often fast, require little effluent, and are cost effective (Blaise, 1998;Daniel et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity testing: ecological relevance and relative efficacy and costs of toxicity tests in the South African context

Griffin

Müller

Gordon

2020

WSA

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The Direct Estimation of Ecological Effect Potential (DEEEP) is a suite of toxicological methods that was compiled to facilitate management of effluent discharges. DEEEP used a range of tests to assess different endpoints and test taxa from differing trophic levels. It was used at pilot scale but never adopted in South Africa formally. The use of toxicological testing in managing effluent discharge has been somewhat ad-hoc since. This study examined a range of tests for undertaking toxicological assessments of effluent from the perspectives of ecological realism, test tractability, and cost of testing. The assays assessed include some from DEEEP, some using South African test taxa, and some using commercial toxicity test kits. Results indicate that, in terms of returned endpoints, no clear difference between tests using immobilized and cultured or wild-collected test taxa was present. Culture maintenance was found to be a significant contributor to test costs where cultured test taxa were used (although culture costs are implicit in test kit costs too). Costing analysis looked at scenarios where equipment could be shared and reused, and how these contribute to laboratory costs. The research leads on to suggestions for testing implementation in laboratories while maximizing ecological realism and minimizing costs.

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“…The ISO 6341:1996 standard uses Daphnia magna Straus in an acute toxicity test, where the exposure is 24 and/or 48 h with an endpoint of inhibition of motility, practically mortality. To minimise the differences and uncertainties emerging from the application of various genotypes and to avoid the expensive maintenance of stock cultures, toxkits have been developed such as the Daphtoxkit F TM which contains dormant eggs, ephippia, as a source of neonates whenever they are required (Persoone, 1996). However, while mortality is an ultimate and non-specific endpoint, its relevance to forecasting ecological threat can be questioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel protocol for assessing aquatic pollution, based on the feeding inhibition of Daphnia magna

Kovács

Abdel-Hameid

Ács

et al. 2012

Knowl. Managt. Aquatic Ecosyst.

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In this study, sensitivity of a novel acute bioassay based on the feeding activity of Daphnia magna was assessed, using 2 and 4 h of exposure. For calibration purposes, results were compared with those of the standard immobility test as described by the ISO 6341:1996 standard. Using potassium dichromate as the reference chemical, after 4 h of exposure the proposed protocol showed similar sensitivity in comparison with the standard, as the EC 50 of the immobility test was 1.093 ± 0.098 mg·L -1 , whereas the EC 50 of the feeding inhibition bioassay was 1.742 ± 0.133 mg·L -1 . In order to test the sensitivity of the bioassay, toxicity of two other contaminants, copper and wastewater, was estimated and the results were compared with those of the standard immobility test. For both cases, the feeding inhibition test showed higher sensitivity, as in the case of copper the EC 50s were 0.0952 ± 0.0087 and 0.0753 ± 0.0152 mg·L -1 , whilst the EC 50 recorded for the 24-h immobility test was 0.2407 ± 0.0159 mg·L -1 . In the case of the effluent, EC 50 values after 2 and 4 h of exposure were 15.698 ± 2.681 and 12.557 ± 2.358 expressed as % of the wastewater, respectively, whereas the EC 50 of the immobility test was calculated to be 36.4688 ± 5.4887. RÉSUMÉNouveau protocole pour l'évaluation de la pollution aquatique, basé sur l'inhibition de l'alimentation de Daphnia magna Dans cette étude, la sensibilité d'un nouveau test biologique aiguë basé sur l'activité d'alimentation de Daphnia magna a été évaluée, utilisant 2 et 4 h d'exposition. À des fins d'étalonnage, les résultats ont été comparés à ceux de l'essai standard d'inhibition de la mobilité tel que décrit par la norme ISO 6341:1996 standard. En utilisant le potassium dichromate comme produit chimique de référence, après 4 h d'exposition, le protocole proposé a montré une sensibilité similaire en comparaison de la norme, alors que la EC 50 du test d'inhibition de la mobilité était 1,093 ± 0,098 mg·L -1 , la EC 50 de l'essai biologique d'inhibition d'alimentation a été 1,742 ± 0,133 mg·L -1 . Afin de tester la sensibilité du test biologique, la toxicité de deux autres contaminants, du cuivre et des eaux usées, a été estimée et les résultats ont été comparés à ceux du test de l'inhibition de mobilité standard. Pour les deux cas, le test d'inhibition d'alimentation a montré une sensibilité plus élevée. Dans le cas du cuivre, les EC 50 ont été 0,0952 ± 0,0087 et 0,0753 ± 0,0152 mg·L -1 , alors que la

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Comparison Between Toxkit Microbiotests and Standard Tests

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Toxicities of Four Parabens and Their Mixtures to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

Toxicities of Four Parabens and Their Mixtures to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

Toxicity testing: ecological relevance and relative efficacy and costs of toxicity tests in the South African context

A novel protocol for assessing aquatic pollution, based on the feeding inhibition of Daphnia magna

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