Comparison between three static mixers for emulsification in turbulent flow

Theron, Félicie; Sauze, Nathalie Le

doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2011.01.004

Cited by 80 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It has to be stable enough to prevent from coalescence and destabilization in course of polymerization. Different continuous processes are available to create liquid-liquid dispersion including membrane [13], rotor-stator [14], static mixer [15][16][17], colloid mills [14,18], high pressure homogenizer [19], mixer-settler [20] and pulsed column [21,22]. A remarkable feature of continuous liquid-liquid dispersion processes are their ability to create quickly droplet of controlled size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A remarkable feature of continuous liquid-liquid dispersion processes are their ability to create quickly droplet of controlled size. Whereas in batch stirred tank reactors, the emulsification time, defined as the time needed to reach stabilized mean droplets sizes, is typically about 15-30 min [17,[23][24][25][26], this time can be a limiting step when it comes to continuous process owning residence time ranging from microsecond, to millisecond, to second [15][16][17][18][19]. Table 1 provides some examples of mean droplet size correlation including their range of applications depending on the chemical parameters (viscosity, densities, and interfacial tension), equipment parameters (porosity, pore diameter, pipe diameter, stirrer dimension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid–liquid dispersion in a continuous oscillatory baffled reactor – Application to suspension polymerization

Lobry

Lasuye²,

Gourdon

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible.Liquid-liquid dispersion in a continuous oscillatory baffled reactor -Application to suspension polymerization b s t r a c tReducing energy costs, improving safety, minimizing waste are the current aims of chemical engineering. Process intensification in fine chemistry has been extensively studied but less work refers to heterogeneous reactions involving two liquid phases. This paper focuses on batch to continuous suspension polymerization transposition and especially on the liquid-liquid dispersion step. The main features of suspension polymerization reaction are based on (i) the initial liquid-liquid dispersion requiring a controlled size and narrow distribution and (ii) on the control of the final particle size during the agglomeration step by avoiding fouling which is a bottleneck for continuous flow. For the continuous transposition, liquid-liquid dispersion and reaction studies are carried out in continuous oscillatory baffled reactor (COBR) which is a multipurpose reactor. Its suitability to overcome the bottlenecks is demonstrated through the investigation of the oscillating and flow conditions or the dispersed phase holdup. A controlled droplet size distribution can be achieved. Oscillation is the main parameter responsible for droplet breakage. The suitable conditions to obtain stable dispersion are determined. For one of the first times, COBR is used for suspension polymerization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid–liquid dispersion in a continuous oscillatory baffled reactor – Application to suspension polymerization

Lobry

Lasuye²,

Gourdon

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…[26,27] The mean energy dissipation rate is the source of energy for forming the emulsion flow of oil and water, and is calculated by the frictional pressure drop, measured as follows:…”

Section: Mean Droplet Diameter Formed By the Static Mixermentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological behaviour of oil and water emulsions and their flow characterization in horizontal pipes

Zhang

2016

Can J Chem Eng

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In this work, the rheological behaviour of oil and water emulsions and their flow characterization were studied using a Haake RS6000 rheometer and a lab scale flow loop. The rheological properties of the synthetic emulsions were investigated at oil volume fractions from 0.1-1.0 L/L and shear rates from 0.001-1000 s À1 at a system temperature of 20 8C. The emulsions flow, formed by the SMV static mixer installed before the test section, was observed in the 2-m long horizontal pipes with 25 and 50 mm inner diameters at different mixture flow rates from 0.01-7.00 m 3 /h. A comparison between rheological measurements and laminar flow data shows that the values of the Sauter mean droplet diameters formed by the SMV static mixer are approximately one order of magnitude bigger than those measured by the rheometer. For oil-in-water emulsions with low oil content, the stress-strain relationships obtained in the rheometer are more suitable for predicting the transport characteristics of the emulsions with a large pipe diameter than those with a small pipe diameter. In addition, the phase inversion points in the pipe flow are closer to those measured at high shear rates in the rheometer. Therefore, the apparent viscosity obtained by the rheology measurements at high shear rates could be introduced for accurate calculations of the mixture Reynolds number and the friction factor in emulsions flow.

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“…Studies of static mixers have mainly focused on revealing mixing mechanisms (Ghanem et al 2014), optimizing the structures of static mixers Habchi et al 2010) and evaluating the performance of static mixers (Allocca et al 1982;Rauline et al 2000;Theron et al 2011). Using a *Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the mixing performance of static mixers in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems

Tian

Xiao

Zhou

et al. 2015

Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology

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Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a promising technique for reducing nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions from diesel engines. Static mixers are widely used in SCR systems before reactors to promote the mixing of ammonia and exhaust streams. This work aims to investigate the effects of the location of static mixers and the volume ratio of two species on mixing quality using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The simulation results show that a more homogenous ammonia distribution can be achieved at the exit of the pipe if static mixers are placed close to the ammonia injection point or if more ammonia is injected. Another phenomenon found in the study is that the mixing performance of an identical static mixer may behave discrepantly under different flow conditions if using B and C as the evaluating indexes for mixing homogenization.

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Comparison between three static mixers for emulsification in turbulent flow

Cited by 80 publications

References 29 publications

Liquid–liquid dispersion in a continuous oscillatory baffled reactor – Application to suspension polymerization

Liquid–liquid dispersion in a continuous oscillatory baffled reactor – Application to suspension polymerization

Rheological behaviour of oil and water emulsions and their flow characterization in horizontal pipes

Study on the mixing performance of static mixers in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems

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