Comparison between the UV and X-ray Photosensitivities of Hybrid TiO2-SiO2 Thin Layers

Royon, Maxime; Vocanson, Francis; Jamon, Damien; Marin, Emmanuel; Morana, Adriana; Boukenter, Aziz; Girard, Sylvain; Ouerdane, Y.; Jourlin, Yves

doi:10.3390/ma13173730

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The refractive index value is determined by the polymerization degree induced by a light source exposure. For these particular layers, once a full polymerization is achieved, the refractive index remains constant, whatever the accumulated dose and the source (UV or X-rays), as indicated in a previous study [27]. It is to remind that the TiO2-SiO2 layer acting as the core of the photonic sensor is deposited on a soda-lime glass substrate.…”

Section: Refractive Index Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Sol–Gel Waveguide-Based Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring on Large Surfaces in Aerospace Domain

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potential of sol–gel-based optical sensors is investigated for applications in the aerospace domain. To this aim, a low-cost and non-intrusive sol–gel sensor based on waveguides, arranged as a 2D matrix structure, is fabricated by UV photolithography for delamination and damage detection. Two different organic–inorganic sol–gels were selected to fabricate the photonic device: TiO2–SiO2 and ZrO2–SiO2, acting as the waveguide core and the cladding, respectively. A systematic study was performed to determine the manufacturing parameters controlling their properties. The results show that large surfaces can be functionalized via sol–gel methods using the direct laser-writing approach. The structures are characterized in terms of refractive index, and the guiding properties were investigated through simulations and experiments, indicating an excellent behavior regarding the light guidance in a straight waveguide or in the 2D matrix structure grid. Additionally, preliminary tests show that the presence of impact can be easily detected after damage through the induced optical losses on large surfaces. This proof of concept sensor is a promising tool for structural health monitoring. To achieve the ultimate goal, the integration of this photonic sensor will be later performed on aircraft wings.

show abstract

Section: Refractive Index Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Sol–Gel Waveguide-Based Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring on Large Surfaces in Aerospace Domain

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, three narrower bands are present and are of great interest regarding the polymerization evolution. These bands peaking at 813 cm −1 , 933 cm −1 and 1160 cm −1 correspond to the stretching vibration of CH=C, Si-OH and Si-O-CH 3 groups, respectively [ 26 , 29 ]. To clearly understand the process involved during the polymerization, a non-exposed film (grey line), only submitted to thermal treatments, is presented where the three bands of interest remain intense.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all the experiments presented in this manuscript, we have used an organic-inorganic TiO 2 -SiO 2 sol-gel whose chemical reagents were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France). This latter was already investigated and developed in our previous studies [ 9 , 26 ] and a more detailed description is given in Figure 1 . The proposed sol-gel is composed by titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) acting as titanium and silicate precursors respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, using an organic-inorganic sol-gel allows having access to a UV photosensitivity. Although our sol-gels are photosensitive with respect to UV photons or X-rays [ 26 ], a 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) photo-initiator in the form of 0.7 wt.% is added to enhance the photopolymerization. In order to have access to fluorescent sol-gels, we have incorporated Rhodamine 6G (dye content 95%), an organic compound widely used in laser due to the very high quantum yield of fluorescence and emission in the visible part between roughly 500 and 600 nm [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of γ-rays Irradiation on Hybrid TiO2-SiO2 Sol-Gel Films Doped with RHODAMINE 6G

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present paper, we investigate how the optical and structural properties, in particular the observed photoluminescence (PL) of photocurable and organic-inorganic TiO2-SiO2 sol-gel films doped with Rhodamine 6G (R6G) are affected by γ-rays. For this, four luminescent films, firstly polymerized with UV photons (365 nm), were submitted to different accumulated doses of 50 kGy, 200 kGy, 500 kGy and 1 MGy while one sample was kept as a reference and unirradiated. The PL, recorded under excitations at 365 nm, 442 nm and 488 nm clearly evidences that a strong signal peaking at 564 nm is still largely present in the γ-irradiated samples. In addition, M-lines and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies are used to quantify the radiation induced refractive index variation and the chemical changes, respectively. Results show that a refractive index decrease of 7 × 10−3 at 633 nm is achieved at a 1 MGy accumulated dose while a photo-induced polymerization occurs, related to the consumption of CH=C, Si-OH and Si-O-CH3 groups to form Ti-O and Si-O bonds. All these results confirm that the host matrix (TiO2-SiO2) and R6G fluorophores successfully withstand the hard γ-ray exposure, opening the way to the use of this material for sensing applications in radiation-rich environments.

show abstract

“…Both waveguides and MMI couplers were created using a specific homemade organotitania-silica (TiO 2 -SiO 2 ) sol-gel, the elaboration of which has already been published and detailed in our previous papers [10,17]. However, this latter is briefly recalled hereafter.…”

Section: Sol-gel Elaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Mode Interferometry: Application to TiO2–SiO2 Sol-Gel Waveguide-Based Sensing in the Aerospace Domain

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The optimization of a 2D optical sensor based on TiO2–SiO2 sol-gel waveguides for damage detection in the aerospace domain was performed in the framework of the ADD-ON European project. The sensor is based on the transportation of visible light along numerous waveguides, and damage is detected and localized through the monitoring of the output light from the waveguide grid. In this work, we have developed an architecture, inspired by a multi-mode interferometer (MMI), allowing us to efficiently multiply the number of waveguides that can be probed by a single optical source. For this, the beam propagation method (BPM) was used to model a rectangular MMI coupler (40 × 5624 µm2) operating in the visible region (600 nm), ensuring the propagation of light into three waveguides. The conceived device was then manufactured by UV photolithography (direct laser writing technique). The simulations and experimental results show that light transport into this architecture allows for the successful simultaneous probing of three waveguides. By complexifying the device structure, successful MMI couplers were easily manufactured, allowing us to probe 9, 15, or 45 TiO2–SiO2 waveguides with a unique light source. Finally, a further investigation regarding 24 consecutive thermal cycles from −40 °C to 60 °C, representative of the temperature changes during aircraft cruising, was performed. This study reveals that TiO2–SiO2 sol-gel waveguides are not mechanically damaged by temperature changes, while the light guidance remains unaffected, confirming that this sensor is very promising for aerospace applications. Since a single source can monitor several guides, the production of more compact, low-cost, and less intrusive sensors can be achieved by fulfilling structural health monitoring requirements.

show abstract

Comparison between the UV and X-ray Photosensitivities of Hybrid TiO2-SiO2 Thin Layers

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Sol–Gel Waveguide-Based Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring on Large Surfaces in Aerospace Domain

Sol–Gel Waveguide-Based Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring on Large Surfaces in Aerospace Domain

Impact of γ-rays Irradiation on Hybrid TiO2-SiO2 Sol-Gel Films Doped with RHODAMINE 6G

Multi-Mode Interferometry: Application to TiO2–SiO2 Sol-Gel Waveguide-Based Sensing in the Aerospace Domain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About