Comparison between the effects of apomorphine and amphetamine on operant behavior

Oliveira, L. De; Graeff, Frederico Guilherme

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(72)90237-3

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In each of these instances where amphetamine decreased the overall rate, the FI value was relatively short (e.g., 120 sec or less). On the other hand, overall rate-increasing effects of amphetamine have also been reported with short FI durations (e.g., Branch & Gollub, 1974;de Oliveira & Graeff, 1972;McKearney, 1968;McMillan, 1969). Furthermore, the nature of the effect does not seem to depend on the overall control rate of responding since both increases and decreases have been reported with comparable control rates (e.g., see subjects R-4 and R-5 in Figure 1 of Schuster, Dockens, & Woods, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Methamphetamine and Scopolamine on Variability of Response Location

Moerschbaecher¹,

Thompson²,

Thomas³

1979

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Methamphetamine and scopolamine were studied in monkeys responding under a multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. A response on any one of six levers could satisfy the schedule requirements. Variability of response location was evaluated in terms of switches, where a switch was defined as a response on one lever followed by a response on a different lever. Under baseline conditions the fixed-ratio schedule generated a high rate of responding and a low level of variability, while the fixed-interval schedule generated a low rate of responding and a high level of variability. Both methamphetamine (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg) and scopolamine (2.4 to 240 microgram/kg) decreased overall response rate and increased variability of response location in each component of the multiple schedule with increasing doses of drug. At lower doses both drugs were found to decrease rate without affecting response variability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Methamphetamine and Scopolamine on Variability of Response Location

Moerschbaecher¹,

Thompson²,

Thomas³

1979

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Investigations of the relationship between apomorphine and ongoing operant behavior have found that its effects depend, as with other drugs, on such variables as the dose, the individual sensitivity of the subject, and the type of response being measured. De Olivera and Graeff (1972) found that apomorphine doses of 0.1-3.0mg/kg decreased rates of lever pressing in rats. However, Butcher (1968) found that injections of 0.4-1.0 mg apomorphine/kg produced individual differences in continuous avoidance responding in rats; 5 of 11 animals showed decreased lever press rates, while 6 subjects showed rate increases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of apomorphine on elicited and operant pecking in pigeons

Abelson

Woods

1980

Psychopharmacology

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The effects of apomorphine (0.001--32.0 mg/kg) on elicited and operant pecking were studied in pigeons. Elicited pecking was measured in a 1-h observation test. Apomorphine caused dose-related increases in the pecking elicited by the drug in all the subjects, with maximal responding at 3.2 mg/kg. In contrast, operant responding on a multiple, 5 min fixed interval, 30 response fixed-ratio schedule revealed individual differences in sensitivity to the drug. A dose of 0.32 mg/kg eliminated key pecking in fixed-interval and fixed-ratio components in 4 (group 1) of the 15 subjects while 3.2 mg/kg eliminated responding in 9 other subjects (group 2), and 2 of the subjects (group 3) required 32.0 mg/kg to eliminate responding. The 13 birds in groups 1 and 2 showed decreases in operant responding with concomitant increases in elicited pecking. For the 2 remaining birds, increases in operant behavior were highly correlated with increased stereotypy. The effects of apomorphine on operant behavior appeared to depend on induced stereotypy, with rate-decreasing effects resulting from the disruption of ongoing behavior by stereotyped pecking aimed elsewhere in the chamber, and rate increases resulting from the redirection of elicited pecking towards the operant key.

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“…The rate-dependency principle originated from Dews' (1958) suggestion that control rates of operant responding could explain why amphetamine differentially alters behavior maintained by schedules of reinforcement. Specifically, amphetamine often increases rates of responding under schedules that usually produce low control response rates [differentialreinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL): Kelleher, Fry, Deegan, & Cook, 1961;Sidman, 1956;Zimmerman & Schuster, 1962; fixed-interval (Fl): Clark & Steele, 1966;de Oliveira & Graeff, 1972]. In contrast, amphetamine usually decreases rates of responding under schedules that produce high control response rates [fixedratio (FR): Heffner, Drawbaugh, & Zigmond, 1974;Owen, 1960;variable-interval (VI): Bradshaw, Ruddle, & Szabadi, 1981;Lucki, 1983].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Rate of Response or Reinforcement and Amphetamine's Effect on Behavior

Lucki¹,

DeLong²

1983

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The roles of control response rate and reinforcement frequency in producing amphetamine's effect on operant behavior were evaluated independently in rats. Two multiple schedules were arranged in which one variable, either response rate or reinforcement frequency, was held constant and the other variable manipulated. A multiple differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate seven-second yoked variable-interval schedule was used to equate reinforcement frequencies at different control response rates between multiple-schedule components. Amphetamine increased responding under the variable-interval component. In contrast, amphetamine decreased responding equivalently between components of a multiple random-ratio schedule that produced similar control response rates at different reinforcement frequencies. The results provide experimental support to the rate-dependency principle that control rate of responding is an important determinant of amphetamine's effect on operant behavior.

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Comparison between the effects of apomorphine and amphetamine on operant behavior

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Methamphetamine and Scopolamine on Variability of Response Location

Effects of Methamphetamine and Scopolamine on Variability of Response Location

Effects of apomorphine on elicited and operant pecking in pigeons

Control Rate of Response or Reinforcement and Amphetamine's Effect on Behavior

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