Comparison between static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on hamstring flexibility: systematic review and meta-analysis

Borges, Mariana Oliveira; Medeiros, Diulian Muniz; Minotto, Bruna Borba; Lima, Cláudia Silveira

doi:10.1080/21679169.2017.1347708

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The current results on ROM suggest that static stretching caused a small percent change in all ROM variables (2.9–6.0%), while body tempering elicited a slightly greater change in the straight leg raise (6.7 vs. 3.4%) and had a small effect (1.22%) in the Eli test. The effects of static stretching on ROM are to be expected according to prior literature [ 16 , 17 ]. The large effect size in favor of improved straight leg raise ROM from body tempering was likely due to the similarly extended leg position during body tempering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Body Tempering on Force Production, Flexibility and Muscle Soreness in Collegiate Football Athletes

Taber

Colter

Davis

et al. 2022

JFMK

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There has been limited research to explore the use of body tempering and when the use of this modality would be most appropriate. This study aimed to determine if a body tempering intervention would be appropriate pre-exercise by examining its effects on perceived soreness, range of motion (ROM), and force production compared to an intervention of traditional stretching. The subjects for this study were ten Division 1 (D1) football linemen from Sacred Heart University (Age: 19.9 ± 1.5 years, body mass: 130.9 ± 12.0 kg, height: 188.4 ± 5.1 cm, training age: 8.0 ± 3.5 years). Subjects participated in three sessions with the first session being baseline testing. The second and third sessions involved the participants being randomized to receive either the body tempering or stretching intervention for the second session and then receiving the other intervention the final week. Soreness using a visual analog scale (VAS), ROM, counter movement jump (CMJ) peak force and jump height, static jump (SJ) peak force and jump height, and isometric mid-thigh pull max force production were assessed. The results of the study concluded that body tempering does not have a negative effect on muscle performance but did practically reduce perceived muscle soreness. Since body tempering is effective at reducing soreness in athletes, it can be recommended for athletes as part of their pre-exercise warmup without negatively effecting isometric or dynamic force production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Body Tempering on Force Production, Flexibility and Muscle Soreness in Collegiate Football Athletes

Taber

Colter

Davis

et al. 2022

JFMK

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“…The SS involves moving a limb to its maximal ROM or point of discomfort, and then holding the stretched position for a selected period of time (e.g., 15–60 s) [ 14 , 23 ]. PNF involves agonist muscles performing a voluntary contraction followed by a static stretch, leading to gains in ROM by reducing the reflexive components that causes muscle contraction [ 2 , 24 , 25 ]. Costa et al [ 11 , 12 ] demonstrated both SS and DS decreased hamstrings and quadriceps strength, resulting in a decrease in conventional and functional H:Q ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Peak Torque and Muscle Imbalance

Ruas

McManus

Bentes

et al. 2018

JFMK

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Background: The effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on muscle imbalance are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of PNF stretching on knee extension and flexion peak torque (PT), as well as the conventional and functional hamstrings to quadriceps (H:Q) ratios. Methods: Fifteen men (age = 22 ± 1 years; body mass = 76 ± 12 kg; height = 176 ± 7 cm) and fifteen women (age = 22 ± 2 years; body mass = 63 ± 8 kg; height = 161 ± 5 cm) performed concentric quadriceps and hamstrings, and eccentric hamstrings muscle actions at different angular velocities (60, 180, and 300°·s−1 concentric; 60 and 180°·s−1 eccentric) before and after a bout of PNF stretching, and a control condition. Results: Neither PNF or control conditions affected concentric PT or H:Q ratios (p > 0.05), apart from knee extension at 60°·s−1 in men (p = 0.001). However, there was a reduction in hamstrings eccentric PT in both control and PNF conditions for men and women (p = 0.003). Conclusions: PNF stretching of the hamstrings may not adversely affect the H:Q ratios, and consequently not negatively affect injury risk associated with muscular strength imbalances.

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“…Static stretching involves reaching a certain ROM and holding the muscle (group) lengthened for a predetermined period of time [16], whereas PNF stretching uses static stretching and isometric contractions of the target muscle in a cyclical pattern [17]. Usually, both static and PNF stretching are preferred in a situation in which the goal is to improve flexibility [18]. Dynamic stretching, which involves the execution of movement patterns throughout the available range of motion (ROM), is more suitable for warm-up routines [5].…”

Section: Types Of Stretchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Stretching Have Long-Term Effects on Muscle Performance? A Clinical Commentary

Medeiros¹,

Martini²

2017

J Yoga Phys Ther

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Flexibility is an essential component of physical fitness. The most common technique used to enhance muscle flexibility is stretching. Even though there is a great amount of evidence showing the benefits of chronic stretching on flexibility, it remains unclear whether such increase in flexibility can affect muscle performance (MP). Most of the studies in this field have concentrated in analyzing the acute effects of stretching on muscle strength. However, the literature is scarce with regard to chronic effects of stretching on MP. The possible mechanisms involved in flexibility enhancement following chronic stretching give an indicative that MP might benefit from adequate flexibility. A decrease in muscle-tendon unit (MTU) stiffness seems to be a key aspect for an increase in performance since it might improve the energy storage capacity within the MTU during activities involving stretch-shortening cycle. In theory, it sounds reasonable, but in practice, the relationship between decreased MTU stiffness and increased performance still needs to be better elucidated. Hence, the purpose of the present clinical commentary is to discuss how increased flexibility provided by chronic stretching might affect MP.

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Comparison between static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on hamstring flexibility: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 54 publications

The Effects of Body Tempering on Force Production, Flexibility and Muscle Soreness in Collegiate Football Athletes

The Effects of Body Tempering on Force Production, Flexibility and Muscle Soreness in Collegiate Football Athletes

Acute Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Peak Torque and Muscle Imbalance

Does Stretching Have Long-Term Effects on Muscle Performance? A Clinical Commentary

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