Comparison between Sandblasted Acid-Etched and Oxidized Titanium Dental Implants: In Vivo Study

Abstract

The surface modifications of titanium dental implants play important roles in the enhancement of osseointegration. The objective of the present study was to test two different implant surface treatments on a rabbit model to investigate the osseointegration. The tested surfaces were: a) acid-etched surface with sandblasting treatment (SA) and b) an oxidized implant surface (OS). The roughness was measured by an interferometeric microscope with white light and the residual stress of the surfaces was measured with X-ray residual stress Bragg–Bentano diffraction. Six New Zealand white rabbits were used for the in vivo study. Implants with the two different surfaces (SA and OS) were inserted in the femoral bone. After 12 weeks of implantation, histological and histomorphometric analyses of the blocks containing the implants and the surrounding bone were performed. All the implants were correctly implanted and no signs of infection were observed. SA and OS surfaces were both surrounded by newly formed trabeculae. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the bone–implant contact % (BIC) was higher around the SA implants (53.49 ± 8.46) than around the OS implants (50.94 ± 16.42), although there were no significant statistical differences among them. Both implant surfaces (SA and OS) demonstrated a good bone response with significant amounts of newly formed bone along the implant surface after 12 weeks of implantation. These results confirmed the importance of the topography and physico–chemical properties of dental implants in the osseointegration.

Influence of the Titanium Implant Surface Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Chemical Composition

“…The reason for this combination is that by the sandblasting, an optimal roughness and mechanical properties are reached, while with the following acid etching, the peaks are smoothed and can add a high frequency component to the implant surface, which is of vital importance for protein adherence [34,35]. Some authors obtained a higher bone index contact with sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces when compared with other techniques like oxidized surfaces [36].…”

VEGF/VEGF-R/RUNX2 Upregulation in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Seeded on Dual Acid Etched Titanium Disk

“…Concerning titanium, a great number of methods have been introduced to modify implants surface, such as physicochemical, morphological, and biochemical techniques [39]. Acid etching and sandblasting have been reported to produce high-performing surfaces [40].…”

Crystallized TiO2 Nanosurfaces in Biomedical Applications

“…Titanium-based alloys are considered as more biocompatible metallic biomaterials compared to stainless steel, cobalt–nickel, and chromium alloys, due to their low ion release when exposed to human body liquids [ 1 ], low elastic modulus [ 2 ], and relatively high strength to density ratio, as well as corrosion resistance [ 3 ]. The biocompatibility of titanium (Ti) arises from its high reactivity with oxygen when Ti is exposed to air, which leads to the formation of a chemically stable passivating oxide layer.…”