Comparison between rectal and body surface temperature in dogs by the calibrated infrared thermometer

Cugmas, Blaž; Šušterič, Primož; Gorenjec, Nina Ružić; Plavec, Tanja

doi:10.1016/j.vas.2020.100120

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Infrared auricular thermometers have been developed to solve problems regarding BT measurements in humans and dogs [ 2 - 4 , 6 - 8 ]. Although some studies have reported a strong correlation between rectal and auricular BT in dogs [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ], others have found only a slight correlation [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some studies have reported a strong correlation between rectal and auricular BT in dogs [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ], others have found only a slight correlation [ 4 ]. Gum temperature can be a good predictor of rectum temperature [ 8 ], but this technique, despite its several advantages, still requires close contact to the animals, with the risk of disturbance and disease transmission [ 5 ]. Infrared surface temperature (ST), as a non-contact technique with real-time results and minimal time and labor consumption, is measured based on the radiation heat loss in the infrared range [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of environmental condition, size, coat type, and body condition score on rectal temperature prediction in dogs using infrared auricular and surface temperature

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Generally, rectal body temperature (BTrectum) is used to prefer as core body temperature in dogs. However, this procedure is time- and labor-consuming with stress induction. Therefore, infrared auricular temperature (BTear) and surface temperature (ST) could be applied to estimate BTrectum. This study aimed to estimate BTrectum from BTear or ST in various areas and determined the factors that influenced the accuracy of prediction equations. Materials and Methods: Under controlled temperature (n=197) and ambient temperature (n=183), the parameters BTrectum, BTear, and ST at internal pinna, auricular canal, lateral aspect of shoulder, hip, axillary area, inguinal area, footpad, and anal area (STrectum) were measured. In addition, temperature and humidity levels of the surrounding environment were recorded. The correlation between each measurement technique was calculated. The BTrectum prediction equation was created using all measured data and several influencing factors (environmental condition, size, coat type, and body condition score [BCS]). Results: The highest correlation with BTrectum was observed for BTear (r=0.61, p<0.01), which was similar to STrectum (r=0.61, p<0.01). Based on multiple linear regression model results using BTrectum as the dependent variable, BTear or STrectum were first selected as independent variables in all estimation equations. Ambient temperatures (R2=0.397), small breed (R2=0.582), long hair (R2=0.418), and/or a BCS of 2 (R2=0.557) provided the highest coefficients of determination of the prediction equation. Conclusion: The most appropriate predictors for estimating BTrectum were STrectum and BTear, which were impacted by the dog's signalments and the environment. To obtain satisfactory outcomes, the equation must be selected depending on the dog's signalments and the environmental conditions. However, based on the findings of this investigation, the accuracy remains low in several equations, and further studies are needed to improve the accuracy of the equation, mainly by increasing the sample size and developing a specific equation for each dog's signaling and environmental condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental condition, size, coat type, and body condition score on rectal temperature prediction in dogs using infrared auricular and surface temperature

et al. 2022

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“…For healthy dogs, body surface temperature, as measured by thermography, is approximately 30–35 °C [ 24 ]. In addition, thermographic readings are lower than rectal temperature [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For healthy dogs, body surface temperature, as measured by thermography, is approximately 30–35 °C [ 24 ]. In addition, thermographic readings are lower than rectal temperature [ 24 ]. Even in studies investigating body surface temperature after exercise, the increase is only approximately 1 °C [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Thermographic Photographing as an Assessment of the State of Discomfort in a Dog Receiving Radiation Therapy

Saeki

Kutara

Iwata

et al. 2021

Animals

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In humans, radiation induces dilation of capillaries and inflammatory reactions to raise skin temperature. Thermography is used to detect abnormalities after radiation therapy (RT). However, in veterinary nursing, objective evaluation of the condition of dogs after RT using thermography has not been reported. We investigated the nasal irradiation temperature, behavioral changes, and post-irradiation pain scores in a dog receiving RT for intranasal tumors. The temperature of the nasal planum gradually increased after irradiation, reaching a significantly higher value at 120–240 min. The highest temperature was 42.3 °C and the average temperature increased by 4.4 °C. Behavioral analysis pre- and post-RT did not vary significantly. Post-RT pain levels evaluated by the pain scale ranged from 0 to 1 throughout. No veterinary treatment was provided. In humans, increased skin temperature after radiation causes psychological stress, i.e., pain and discomfort, but no such behavioral changes were observed in this case. Given individual differences in stress-related behaviors, such as pain and discomfort, assessing a dog’s painfulness using only subjective methods, such as appearance and behavioral evaluation, is limited. We used thermography to assess changes in conditions not detectable by routine monitoring alone. This method is non-invasive, objective, and indispensable for providing appropriate care.

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“…In veterinary medicine, TIT is increasingly used (CUGMAS et al, 2020). This technology involves use of pyroelectric sensors to detect the heat emanating from the tympanic membrane and inner surface of the external ear canal to obtain a more accurate measurement of core body temperature (FRADEN, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Measurements in Cats Using Digital, Mercury and Tympanic Infrared Thermometers

Lima

Ferreira

Vilela

et al. 2021

Ars Vet

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With a view to reducing stress and discomfort and improving the practicality of making temperature measurements on cats, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a tympanic infrared thermometer (TIT), which is an easy-to-use device for measuring temperatures quickly, comfortably and more hygienically. For this, were selected 120 domestic cats living in Sousa, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Among them, 100 were normothermic, ten were hypothermic and ten were hyperthermic. None of them had any clinical signs of external or internal otitis. The measurements using the digital thermometer were higher than those using the TIT (P < 0.05), in the normothermic and hyperthermic cats. In the hypothermic cats, there was no difference (P ≥ 0.05) in mean values from the three types of thermometer. The values obtained using the mercury thermometer did not differ (P ≥ 0.05) from the values obtained using the other thermometers. There was a strong positive correlation in almost all the evaluations between the three thermometers, except for digital versus TIT for hyperthermic cats (r < 0.75). Because of the discrepancy between the values obtained by the TIT and the digital rectal thermometer, we suggest that further studies should be carried out in order to establish a temperature correction table for the TIT, so that it can be better used in veterinary medicine.

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Comparison between rectal and body surface temperature in dogs by the calibrated infrared thermometer

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of environmental condition, size, coat type, and body condition score on rectal temperature prediction in dogs using infrared auricular and surface temperature

Effects of environmental condition, size, coat type, and body condition score on rectal temperature prediction in dogs using infrared auricular and surface temperature

Noninvasive Thermographic Photographing as an Assessment of the State of Discomfort in a Dog Receiving Radiation Therapy

Temperature Measurements in Cats Using Digital, Mercury and Tympanic Infrared Thermometers

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