Comparison between pre-fractionation and fractionation process of heavy gas oil for determination of sulfur compounds using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Machado, Maria Elisabete; Bregles, Lucas Panizzi; Menezes, Eliana Weber de; Caramão, Elina Bastos; Benvenutti, Edílson V.; Zini, Cláudia Alcaraz

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.002

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…ICP-MS analysis provides great sensitivity for sulfur analysis (on ppb level) with an average standard deviation of ±3%. The results for sulfur distribution are consistent with literature and show that the contribution of reactive S is larger in the low boiling fractions where mercaptans are often one of the major contributors to total S. 69,70 Characterization of Reactive and Non-Reactive Sulfur. The LEC separation facilitates molecular-level characterization of sulfur classes that may otherwise overlap.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Separation and Characterization of Reactive and Non-Reactive Sulfur in Petroleum and Its Fractions

Lobodin

Robbins

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

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We present an efficient, easy-to-use chromatographic method to separate reactive and nonreactive sulfur compounds in crude oil for subsequent quantitative analysis and molecular characterization. Sulfur compounds in petroleum samples are separated by ligand exchange chromatography (LEC) on a silver-modified strong-cation exchange (SCX) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. LEC separation takes advantage of the bonding affinity of different sulfur types with silver-cations. The elution of a particular sulfur type (reactive or nonreactive) depends on the "strength" of the solvent used. One solvent mixture elutes nonreactive sulfur compounds (thiophenics and diaryl sulfides) into the first fraction. A second solvent mixture elutes reactive S-compounds (sulfides and disulfides) into the second fraction. A third reactive sulfur class (thiols) irreversibly reacts with the impregnated silver-ion to form silver thiolates that are insoluble in the solvent mixtures employed. The distribution of reactive and nonreactive sulfur in a sample can be determined by measurement of sulfur content in separated fractions. The isolated fractions are also well-suited for molecular characterization by a variety of techniques including gaschromatography-based methods (e.g., GC or GC × GC-SCD, GC-MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), both of which are demonstrated herein.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Separation and Characterization of Reactive and Non-Reactive Sulfur in Petroleum and Its Fractions

Lobodin

Robbins

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

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“…It provides high efficiency of band focusing and further fast release of chromatographic bands [23]. There are several different designs of cryogenic modulators that employ refrigerating liquids (nitrogen or carbon dioxide), such as the one with a cold double jet (example given above) [8], the one with four jets (two cold and two hot jets) [24] the loop modulator [25] etc. Carbon dioxide is an efficient cooling liquid; however, if compounds under study are too volatile (less than six carbons), liquid nitrogen is considered to be more appropriate [23].…”

Section: Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography (Gc × Gc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flow modulators have been the focus of intense research in the last few years and are becoming an alternative, especially for routine analyses. A more complete discussion on this subject is available in review and research articles elsewhere [21,22,24].…”

Section: Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography (Gc × Gc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Its Application to the Investigation of Pyrolytic Liquids

Maciel¹,

Silva²,

Bispo³

et al. 2017

Pyrolysis

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The chapter presents basic principles of one-dimensional gas chromatography (1D-GC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) related to the main advantages of the two-dimensional technique, as well as its application to the study of organic compounds in liquids derived from coal, mainly through pyrolysis and extraction. It also shows the investigation of compounds contained in bio-oils obtained from biomass through pyrolysis, using GC × GC. Advances in scientific knowledge related to the composition of these complex matrices are shown through different examples of GC × GC analyses, such as the identification of trace compounds that would not be perceived by 1D-GC, organized patterns of elution of structurally related compounds that help their identification, etc. Examples shown make it clear that GC × GC is the technique of choice to elucidate composition of these complex matrices.

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“…This technique is useful because it offers a large amount of information that is difficult to obtain by conventional one-dimensional GC [11][12][13][14][15]. For the best separation of crude oils and highest resolution of oil geochemistry, researchers have devoting to testing different analytical conditions, such as column lengths, modulation periods, and oven conditions [2,10,[16][17][18]. For example, in a detailed analysis of the oxygenated compounds in a coal liquefaction product, Omais et al tested and compared different analytical conditions involving innovative column configurations, and found the best one that enable an outstanding separation for the oxygenated compounds [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography (GC Â GC) is a new approach for high-resolution analysis of crude oils, and thus it has received large attention in the study of petroleum geochemistry recently [1][2][3][4][5]. When integrated with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC Â GC/TOFMS), it is one of the most effective methods for separating complex mixtures [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing hydrocarbon fractions in crude oils by two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry under reversed-phase column system

Cao

2015

Fuel

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Comparison between pre-fractionation and fractionation process of heavy gas oil for determination of sulfur compounds using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Separation and Characterization of Reactive and Non-Reactive Sulfur in Petroleum and Its Fractions

Separation and Characterization of Reactive and Non-Reactive Sulfur in Petroleum and Its Fractions

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Its Application to the Investigation of Pyrolytic Liquids

Analyzing hydrocarbon fractions in crude oils by two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry under reversed-phase column system

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