Comparison between measured and calculated concentrations of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the vicinity of a motorway

Kuhler, M.; Kraft, J.; Bess, H.; Heeren, U.; Schürmann, D.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90260-7

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…19,20 Although traffic-related air pollution in urban environments has been of increasing concern, most studies have focused on gaseous pollutants and the total mass concentration and chemical composition of particulate pollutants. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Because the majority of particles from vehicle exhaust are in the size range of 20-130 nm for diesel engines and 20-60 nm for gasoline engines, 27,28 it is important and necessary to quantify ultrafine particle emission levels and to determine ultrafine particle behavior after emission as they are transported away from the emission source-busy roads and freeways. Previously, researchers have measured the horizontal and vertical profiles of submicrometer particulates (16-626 nm) near a major arterial route in the urban area of Brisbane, Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration and Size Distribution of Ultrafine Particles Near a Major Highway

Zhu

Hinds

Kim

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

900

656

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Motor vehicle emissions usually constitute the most significant source of ultrafine particles (diameter <0.1 µm) in an urban environment, yet little is known about the concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles in the vicinity of major highways. In the present study, particle number concentration and size distribution in the size range from 6 to 220 nm were measured by a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), respectively. Measurements were taken 30, 60, 90, 150, and 300 m downwind, and 300 m upwind, from Interstate 405 at the Los Angeles National Cemetery. At each sampling location, concentrations of CO, black carbon (BC), and particle mass were also measured by a Dasibi CO monitor, an aethalometer, and a DataRam, respectively. The range of average concentration of CO, BC, total particle number, and mass concentration at 30 m was 1.7-2.2 ppm, 3.4-10.0 µg/m 3 , 1.3-2.0 × 10 5 /cm 3 , and 30.2-64.6 µg/m 3 , respectively. For the conditions of these measurements, relative concentrations of CO, BC, and particle number tracked each other well as distance from the freeway increased.Particle number concentration (6-220 nm) decreased exponentially with downwind distance from the freeway. Data showed that both atmospheric dispersion and coagulation contributed to the rapid decrease in particle number concentration and change in particle size distribution with increasing distance from the freeway. Average traffic flow during the sampling periods was 13,900 vehicles/hr. Ninetythree percent of vehicles were gasoline-powered cars or light trucks. The measured number concentration tracked traffic flow well. Thirty meters downwind from the freeway, three distinct ultrafine modes were observed with geometric mean diameters of 13, 27, and 65 nm. The smallest mode, with a peak concentration of 1.6 × 10 5 /cm 3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration and Size Distribution of Ultrafine Particles Near a Major Highway

Zhu

Hinds

Kim

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

900

656

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“…( 17 ) Diesel PM and elemental carbon are routinely used as surrogates for diesel exhaust in air pollution studies, ( 18,19 ) and standard markers for gasoline vehicle exhaust include nitrogen oxides and benzene. ( 20,21 ) The pollutants of interest related to the air quality concerns identified by the Holyoke CARE project include: diesel PM, elemental carbon, lead, nickel, manganese, and copper. Emissions of heavy metals such as nickel, manganese, lead, and chromium, have been linked to autobody refinishing shops.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Application of National Environmental Databases and Mapping Tools at the Local Level to Two Community Case Studies

et al. 2010

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Communities are concerned over pollution levels and seek methods to systematically identify and prioritize the environmental stressors in their communities. Geographic information system (GIS) maps of environmental information can be useful tools for communities in their assessment of environmental-pollution-related risks. Databases and mapping tools that supply community-level estimates of ambient concentrations of hazardous pollutants, risk, and potential health impacts can provide relevant information for communities to understand, identify, and prioritize potential exposures and risk from multiple sources. An assessment of existing databases and mapping tools was conducted as part of this study to explore the utility of publicly available databases, and three of these databases were selected for use in a community-level GIS mapping application. Queried data from the U.S. EPA's National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment, Air Quality System, and National Emissions Inventory were mapped at the appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions for identifying risks of exposure to air pollutants in two communities. The maps combine monitored and model-simulated pollutant and health risk estimates, along with local survey results, to assist communities with the identification of potential exposure sources and pollution hot spots. Findings from this case study analysis will provide information to advance the development of new tools to assist communities with environmental risk assessments and hazard prioritization.

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“…by Nitta et al (1993), Kuhler et al (1994), and Roorda-Knape et al (1998). As regards NO 2 , the studies showed that its concentrations declined with distance from a road by an estimated 60% after 250 m, 50% after 600 m, and by 75% after 150 m. The gradients found were curvilinear, consistent with dispersion models that describe an exponential decay in contribution from the road with increasing distance.…”

Section: Particle Number and Gaseous Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Motor Vehicle Emissions as a Source of Indoor Particles

Morawska

2003

Indoor Environment

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Comparison between measured and calculated concentrations of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the vicinity of a motorway

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Concentration and Size Distribution of Ultrafine Particles Near a Major Highway

Concentration and Size Distribution of Ultrafine Particles Near a Major Highway

Assessment and Application of National Environmental Databases and Mapping Tools at the Local Level to Two Community Case Studies

Motor Vehicle Emissions as a Source of Indoor Particles

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