Comparison between low doses of TMT and cat odor exposure in anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in mice

Hacquemand, Romain; Choffat, N.; Jacquot, Laurence; Brand, Gérard

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.014

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Stressed rats were exposed to TMT, a compound isolated from fox feces that produces a reliable fear response (Endres and Fendt, 2009) and increases PTSD-like behaviors (Endres and Fendt, 2009; Hacquemand et al, 2013). Control rats were exposed to butyric acid, an unpleasant but not fear-inducing odor (Endres and Fendt, 2009).…”

Section: 0 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to traumatic stress sensitizes the dopaminergic response to cocaine and increases motivation for cocaine

et al. 2017

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Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder have a heightened vulnerability to developing substance use disorders; however, the biological underpinnings of this vulnerability remain unresolved. We used the predator odor stress model of post-traumatic stress disorder with segregation of subjects as susceptible or resilient based on elevated plus maze behavior and context avoidance. We then determined behavioral and neurochemical differences across susceptible, resilient, and control populations using a panel of behavioral and neurochemical assays. Susceptible subjects showed a significant increase in the motoric and dopaminergic effects of cocaine, and this corresponded with heightened motivation to self-administer cocaine. Resilient subjects did not show differences in the motoric effects of cocaine, in dopamine signaling vivo, or in any measure of cocaine self-administration. Nonetheless, we found that these animals displayed elevations in both the dopamine release-promoting effects of cocaine and dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity ex vivo. Our results suggest that the experience of traumatic stress may produce alterations in dopamine systems that drive elevations in cocaine self-administration behavior in susceptible subjects, but may also produce both active and passive forms of resilience that function to prevent gross changes in cocaine’s reinforcing efficacy in resilient subjects.

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Section: 0 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to traumatic stress sensitizes the dopaminergic response to cocaine and increases motivation for cocaine

et al. 2017

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“…The use of predator stress is mainly limited by the difficulty in modulating the intensity of the evoked response (Siegmund and Wotjak, 2006). Moreover, the evidence of different behavioral outcomes caused by different stimuli, e.g., different cats (Muñoz-Abellán et al, 2010) or synthetic vs. natural odors (McGregor et al, 2002; Staples and McGregor, 2006; Staples et al, 2008; Hacquemand et al, 2013) are compelling and limits the possibility of standardized and replicable results. On the other hand, the footshock-based models (e.g., contextual fear conditioning paradigms), when not paired to any risk factor for PTSD development (Pitman et al, 1993), only furnish a measure of a physiological cognitive response in terms of memory retention of the emotional event (Siegmund and Wotjak, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated animal model capturing both the cognitive and emotional features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Berardi

Trezza

Palmery

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The new-released Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a “trauma and stressor-related disorder”. PTSD pathogenesis relies on paradoxical changes of emotional memory processing induced by the trauma exposure and associated with emotional dysfunction. Several animal models of PTSD have been validated and are currently used. Each one mimics a particular subset of the disorder with particular emphasis, mainly driven by the past classification of PTSD in the DSM-4, on the emotional features. In view of the recent update in the DSM-5, our aim was to develop, by using well-validated paradigms, a modified model of PTSD able to mimic at the same time both the cognitive and emotional features of the disease. We exposed male rats to either a piece of worn cat collar or to a series of inescapable footshocks paired with a PTSD risk factor, i.e., social isolation. Animals were subsequently re-exposed to the conditioned contexts at different time intervals in order to test memory retention for the stressors. In addition, footshock-exposed rats were tested in the elevated-plus-maze and social interaction tests. We found that rats exposed to a cat collar exhibited an acute fear response that did not lead to enduring memory retention. Conversely, footshock-exposed rats expressed a successful retention of the stressful experience at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 56 post-exposure days. Footshock-exposed rats displayed an anxious behavioral profile in the social interaction test and a significantly reduced locomotor activity in the elevated-plus-maze test. These dysfunctions were not observed when animals were socially housed, thus highlighting a social buffering effect in the development of the pathology. Our results underline the good validity of a footshock-based paradigm paired with social isolation as a PTSD animal model, able to mimic at the same time both some of the enduring cognitive and emotional facets of the pathology.

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“…Exposure to a mock predator shifted crickets away from using freezing as an anti-predator strategy and increased the time they spent under cover (Figs 2-4). Rodents show a similar pattern of behaviour in the elevated plus maze (Apfelbach et al, 2005;Eilam et al, 2012;Hacquemand et al, 2013). Predator exposure also reduces freezing in a related species of cricket tested using a different protocol (Niemelä et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Hacquemand et al, 2013), as might be expected if it is involved in determining the appropriate level of defensive behaviour. Our sham controls sometimes had behavioural scores that were intermediate between the unhandled controls and the predator-exposed or octopamine-injected crickets (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The behavioural effects of predator-induced stress responses in the cricket (Gryllus texensis): the upside of the stress response

Adamo

Kovalko

Mosher

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYPredator-induced stress responses are thought to reduce an animal's risk of being eaten. Therefore, these stress responses should enhance anti-predator behaviour. We found that individual insects (the cricket Gryllus texensis) show reliable behavioural responses (i.e. behavioural types) in a plus-shaped maze. An individual's behaviour in the plus maze remained consistent for at least 1/2 of its adult life. However, after exposure to a model predator, both male and female crickets showed a reduced period of immobility and an increased amount of time spent under shelter compared with controls. These changes could be mimicked by injections of the insect stress neurohormone octopamine. These behavioural changes probably aid crickets in evading predators. Exposure to a model predator increased the ability of crickets to escape a live predator (a bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps). An injection of octopamine had the same effect, showing that stress hormones can reduce predation. Using crickets to study the fitness consequences of predator-induced stress responses will help integrate ecological and biomedical concepts of 'stress'.

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Comparison between low doses of TMT and cat odor exposure in anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in mice

Cited by 38 publications

References 45 publications

Susceptibility to traumatic stress sensitizes the dopaminergic response to cocaine and increases motivation for cocaine

Susceptibility to traumatic stress sensitizes the dopaminergic response to cocaine and increases motivation for cocaine

An updated animal model capturing both the cognitive and emotional features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

The behavioural effects of predator-induced stress responses in the cricket (Gryllus texensis): the upside of the stress response

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