Comparison between GC-MS-SIM and GC-ECD for the determination of residues of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in Brazilian citrus essential oils

Alves, Andréa Aparecida Ribeiro; Rezende, Michelle J. C.; Hovell, Ana Maria C.; Bizzo, H. R.; Oliveira, Ana Carolina L.; Rodrigues, Silvana Vianna; Rezende, Cláudia M.

doi:10.1590/s0103-50532012000200017

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This LOD/LOQ is much higher than that reported for CPO, which was 0.005 μg ml −1 or 5 ppb (Muhamad et al, 2012). The higher LOD for the method developed by Muhamad et al 2012 is because of the higher sensitivity of the GC‐ECD for halogenated compound compared with GC‐SIM‐MS detector (Alves et al, 2012). As previously described, the FA matrix still remains after the liquid–liquid partitioning and SPE clean up.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the detection of chlorpyrifos contamination in palm‐based fatty acids

Tay

Wai

2021

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Chlorpyrifos is a Malaysian Pesticide Board‐approved organophosphate insecticide, which may become concentrated during fractionation. The objective of this project was to develop and validate a method to detect and quantify chlorpyrifos in food‐grade fatty acids ingredients, e.g. caprylic‐capric acid mixture and oleic acid (OLA) used to synthesize triacylglyceride based food additives and in the cosmetic industry. A selective ion monitoring gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method with a matrix‐matched calibration curve calibration was selected. The method involved the direct injection of chlorpyrifos spiked into the fatty acids matrix. The percentage recoveries at spiking levels of 0.5, 0.75, 2.5, and 4.0 μg g−1 of chlorpyrifos in OLA and caprylic‐capric acid ranged from 85.7%–101.1% to 97.2%–112%, respectively, with a relative standard deviation of within 11%. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision were deemed acceptable as indicated by an relative SD value of within 10%. A good linear relationship with a coefficient of correlation >0.99 for the matrix‐matched calibration was achieved between 0.5 and 5 μg g−1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification corresponded to 0.5 μg g−1 for OLA and 0.55 μg g−1 for caprylic‐capric acid.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the detection of chlorpyrifos contamination in palm‐based fatty acids

Tay

Wai

2021

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Chlorpyrifos, dicofol, and methidathion were the most frequently found pesticide types in essential oils. Alves et al showed that six organochlorines and organophosphorus pesticide concentrations are between 26 and 43.5 mg/L in Brazilian citrus oil (Alves et al, 2012). Propiconazole and tebuconazole fungicides used to prevent fungus in peppermint, were detected in essential oil at 0.02 to 0.05 mg/L and 0.01 to 0.04 mg/kg, respectively (Garland et al, 1999).…”

Section: Biocidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergenic components, biocides, and analysis techniques of some essential oils used in food products

Türkmenoğlu¹,

Özmen

2021

Journal of Food Science

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Nowadays, almost 300 essential oils (EOs) are commonly traded in the world market, with a prediction to be worth over $14 billion in 2024. EOs are natural preservatives for food products in order to reduce the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore their use as an antioxidant or a preservative in foods has been encouraged. They are not only considered as antimicrobial or flavoring agents, but are also incorporated into food packaging materials. There are several types of EOs which have been approved as food additives by the Food and Drug Administration. Hence, it is important to use safe EO products to minimize possible adverse effect risks such as nausea, vomiting, necrosis, nephropathy, mucous membrane, and skin irritation. This review article gives information about some EOs that are used in the food industries and the types of some allergenic compounds and biocides which could make the EOs hazardous or may cause allergenic reactions in the human body. Besides, some analysis techniques of possible allergenic compounds or biocides in EOs were introduced and supported with the most relevant studies. The overall conclusion from the study is that pregnant women, patients taking drugs (e.g., diabetics) or the having a history of allergy are the most prone to be affected from EO allergenic components. As regards to biocides, organochlorine and organophosphorus types of pesticides that are carried over from the plant may be found mostly in EOs. The most common allergic reaction is skin sensitization and irritation if the EO components are oxidized during storage or transportation. Moreover, drug interactions are one of the other possible adverse effect. Hence, determination of biocides and possible allergenic component concentrations is an essential factor when they are used as a preservative or flavoring agent. The most prominent analysis techniques are gas and liquid chromatography because most of the allergens and biocides are mainly composed of volatile components. Practical Application Determining of the essential oil's content will be crucial if oils are used for food preservation or flavoring because they may have some hazardous effects, such as nausea, vomiting, necrosis and nephropathy. Therefore, after applying them to the food products, consumers (especially pregnant women) should be informed about their concentration levels and their possible adverse effects are taken into account when they are consumed over toxic limit. For this reason, we reviewed in our study that some allergenic components, biocides and toxic limits of EOs to be used in food products. In addition to this, recent analytical techniques have been explained and discussed which methods are suitable for analysis.

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“…On the other hand, essential oils (EOs) are extracted from citrus peel and the concentration of lipophilic pesticides is much higher than that found in the fruit [28]. Pesticide residues in EOs are widely studied by different researchers who have found organochlorine [29] and organophosphorus residues [30] among others. A review of the presence and evolution of pesticides and plasticizers in Italian essential oils according the type of citrus EO was published by Saitta and his group in 2012 [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical methods for the routinely evaluation of pesticide residues in lemon fruits and by products

et al. 2019

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Citrus fruits and their by-products such as concentrated juices and essential oils are important intermediate by-products in the food industry that can selectively accumulate plant protection agrochemicals employed in their production. They are very difficult matrices for pesticide residue analysis due their high number and concentration of phytochemicals that could hamper the determinations. The fruit processing leads to the concentration/dilution or elimination of some of these natural products that change totally the nature of the matrix where the pesticides partition unevenly. Looking at the industrial process of the fruit, a unified vision for the pesticide residues analysis throughout the lemon fruit chain production, useful for the routine analysis of the above mentioned three matrices is presented. The driven concept is the minimization of matrix effects through sample dilution of the concentrated by-products, either after sample treatment or not. This approach will contribute to the maintenance of the whole instrumental system. QuEChERS AOAC 2007.01 was selected as the most suitable protocol for routine determination of, residues of 16 the pesticides most commonly used in the fruits during the citrus production through liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The same protocol was applied for pesticide residue analysis in concentrated juice after diluting 4 times the sample to minimize the matrix effects. For the analysis of lemon essential oils, the dilution and shoot procedure proved to be useful for LC-MS/MS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination. The three methodologies were validated following SANTE guidelines, with quantitation limits below the established European Union and Codex Alimentarius maximum residue limits. The developed methodologies are useful tools for the routine control analysis of pesticide residues in lemon matrices, allowing high sample throughput and enhancing labs productivity.

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Comparison between GC-MS-SIM and GC-ECD for the determination of residues of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in Brazilian citrus essential oils

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the detection of chlorpyrifos contamination in palm‐based fatty acids

A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the detection of chlorpyrifos contamination in palm‐based fatty acids

Allergenic components, biocides, and analysis techniques of some essential oils used in food products

Analytical methods for the routinely evaluation of pesticide residues in lemon fruits and by products

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