Comparison between extraction of lipids and fatty acids from microalgal biomass

Grima, E. Molina; Medina, Alfonso Robles; Giménez, Antonio; Pérez, J.A. Sánchez; Camacho, F. Garcı́a; Sánchez, José Francisco Fernandez

doi:10.1007/bf02542261

Cited by 142 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The main difficulty associated to the correlation between μ and I AV in continuous outdoor cultivations arise from the light variations during the day (and during the seasons of the year) and the light attenuation inside the PBRs. This can be estimated considering the Lambert-Beer law, the PBR design and the relative sun position (Molina- Grima et al, 1994).…”

Section: Specificities Of Continuous Phototrophic Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms: Approaches, applications and future trends

Fernandes

Mota

Teixeira

et al. 2015

Biotechnology Advances

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The possibility of using photosynthetic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria and microalgae, for converting light and carbon dioxide into valuable biochemical products has raised the need for new cost-efficient processes ensuring a constant product quality. Food, feed, biofuels, cosmetics and pharmaceutics are among the sectors that can profit from the application of photosynthetic microorganisms. Biomass growth in a photobioreactor is a complex process influenced by multiple parameters, such as photosynthetic light capture and attenuation, nutrient uptake, photobioreactor hydrodynamics and gas-liquid mass transfer. In order to optimize productivity while keeping a standard product quality, a permanent control of the main cultivation parameters is necessary, where the continuous cultivation has shown to be the best option. However it is of utmost importance to recognize the singularity of continuous cultivation of cyanobacteria and microalgae due to their dependence on light availability and intensity. In this sense, this review provides comprehensive information on recent breakthroughs and possible future trends regarding technological and process improvements in continuous cultivation systems of microalgae and cyanobacteria, that will directly affect cost-effectiveness and product quality standardization. An overview of the various applications, techniques and equipment (with special emphasis on photobioreactors) in continuous cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria are presented. Additionally, mathematical modeling, feasibility, economics as well as the applicability of continuous cultivation into large-scale operation, are discussed.

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Section: Specificities Of Continuous Phototrophic Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms: Approaches, applications and future trends

Fernandes

Mota

Teixeira

et al. 2015

Biotechnology Advances

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“…The latter include fatty acids with nutritional benefits (ω-3 fatty acids) like C20:5 (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA) and C22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) for which no vegetable alternatives , the main difference between commonly used lipid extraction procedures is in the solvent-systems that are used. Because of the large variety of lipid classes present in microalgae, each varying in polarity, the extracted lipid quantity will vary with solvents used [10][11][12] . This leads to the inconsistencies in the lipid content and composition presented in literature 9,10 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae

Breuer

Evers

Vree

et al. 2013

JoVE

118

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A method to determine the content and composition of total fatty acids present in microalgae is described. Fatty acids are a major constituent of microalgal biomass. These fatty acids can be present in different acyl-lipid classes. Especially the fatty acids present in triacylglycerol (TAG) are of commercial interest, because they can be used for production of transportation fuels, bulk chemicals, nutraceuticals (ω-3 fatty acids), and food commodities. To develop commercial applications, reliable analytical methods for quantification of fatty acid content and composition are needed. Microalgae are single cells surrounded by a rigid cell wall. A fatty acid analysis method should provide sufficient cell disruption to liberate all acyl lipids and the extraction procedure used should be able to extract all acyl lipid classes.With the method presented here all fatty acids present in microalgae can be accurately and reproducibly identified and quantified using small amounts of sample (5 mg) independent of their chain length, degree of unsaturation, or the lipid class they are part of. This method does not provide information about the relative abundance of different lipid classes, but can be extended to separate lipid classes from each other.The method is based on a sequence of mechanical cell disruption, solvent based lipid extraction, transesterification of fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and quantification and identification of FAMEs using gas chromatography (GC-FID). A TAG internal standard (tripentadecanoin) is added prior to the analytical procedure to correct for losses during extraction and incomplete transesterification. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…A extração de lipídios é influenciada pelo solvente utilizado, conforme o solvente a qualidade da fração lipídica sofre modificações (GRIMA et al, 1994), por exemplo, ao utilizar solventes apolares como o clorofórmio e hexano, serão extraídos hidrocarbonetos, ácidos graxos e triacilgliceróis. Por outro lado a fração lipídica polar será obtida utilizando o metanol, extraindo os glicolipídios e fosfolipídios, como também o etanol extraindo sulfolipídios.…”

Section: Resultados E Discussõesunclassified

Extração E Quantificação Do Teor De Lipídios De Microalgas Avaliando Diferentes Solventes Visando a Produção De Biodiesel

Moraes¹,

Oliveira²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2016

Anais Do XIV Encontro Nacional De Estudantes De Engenharia Ambiental

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Resumo: Nos últimos anos, a busca por biocombustíveis vem ganhando um grande impulso devido à necessidade mundial de utilização de energia mais limpa e renovável. Desse modo, a produção de biodiesel se intensificou pelo Brasil e, consequentemente, a constante busca por diferentes matérias-primas. Como alternativa surgiu a utilização de microalgas com esta finalidade, sendo que, estudos presentes na literatura afirmam que estes micro-organismos possuem um elevado teor lipídico, o que é fundamental para geração do produto em questão. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho buscou avaliar a eficácia da extração de lipídios utilizando solventes orgânicos, analisando qual possibilitaria o melhor rendimento de extração. O método utilizado se baseou na extração por solvente, envolvendo o uso de ultrassom e agitação magnética na presença dos solventes clorofórmio:metanol 2:1 (v/v), metanol, etanol e hexano. Os resultados mais satisfatórios foram obtidos a partir da utilização da agitação magnética utilizando a mistura clorofórmio:metanol onde o percentual médio de extração foi de 18,67%. Os resultados menos satisfatórios foram obtidos utilizando o solvente hexano, um solvente apolar, indicando assim uma baixa quantidade de componentes lipídicos apolares. Os resultados obtidos indicam uma utilização promissora das microalgas para obtenção de biodiesel em função da considerável fração lipídica. Outro ponto muito positivo desta matéria-prima é não fazer parte da cadeia alimentar humana, ou seja, sua utilização não interferirá no ciclo de produção de alimentos.Palavras-chave: Biodiesel, Piscicultura, Extração por solvente, Agitação magnética.

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Comparison between extraction of lipids and fatty acids from microalgal biomass

Cited by 142 publications

References 11 publications

Continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms: Approaches, applications and future trends

Continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms: Approaches, applications and future trends

Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae

Extração E Quantificação Do Teor De Lipídios De Microalgas Avaliando Diferentes Solventes Visando a Produção De Biodiesel

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