COMPARISON BETWEEN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY AND CYTOTOXIC CROSS-MATCH PROCEDURES FOR DETECTING IgG ANTI-DONOR ANTIBODIES1

Abstract

Given the important theoretical advantages of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based XM methods over the CDC XM, however, further testing of the clinical relevance of the Cross-Stat is warranted.

Flow cytometric detection of complement‐activating HLA antibodies

“…The effect of other HLA antibodies on transplant outcome remains controversial. There is no doubt that fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) and ELISA may also detect HLA antibodies that are not invariably associated with rejection episodes (14, 20, 23, 25–27). However, it cannot be completely excluded that isolated weak complement‐activating antibodies could be detected by FACS and ELISA, but not by the conventional CDC.…”

“…However, this test has some serious shortcomings, including its inability to detect noncomplement‐activating antibodies or to discriminate between HLA‐specific IgG and other lymphocytotoxic antibodies. During the past decade, several alternatives to the CDC‐XM have been proposed, including enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) (17–21) and flow cytometric crossmatch (FACS‐XM) using native lymphocytes (22–24). However, these crossmatch tests frequently detect clinically irrelevant antibodies (14, 20, 23, 25–27) and lack proper standardization (21, 28, 29).…”