1991
DOI: 10.1016/s0889-5406(05)81675-0
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Comparison between electric toothbrushing and manual toothbrushing, with and without oral irrigation, for oral hygiene of orthodontic patients

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Cited by 32 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…Healthy patient sites manifest a flora, predominantly gram +ve cocci form with scanty motile forms and spirochetes. 36 The dark field microscope has the distinct advantage, that a reflected light is used (as against transmitted light in an ordinary microscope) in a dark field to improve the contrast. The contrast gives an increased resolution so that the slender organisms such as spirochetes, their motility and morphology can be seen under dark field microscope.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Healthy patient sites manifest a flora, predominantly gram +ve cocci form with scanty motile forms and spirochetes. 36 The dark field microscope has the distinct advantage, that a reflected light is used (as against transmitted light in an ordinary microscope) in a dark field to improve the contrast. The contrast gives an increased resolution so that the slender organisms such as spirochetes, their motility and morphology can be seen under dark field microscope.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most papers on the management of oral hygiene in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have concentrated on the effects of different oral-hygiene regimes [9][10][11] , and on the efficacy of various oral-hygiene aids in plaque control and reduction of gingival inflammation [12][13] . Manual tooth brushing, one of the oldest methods of plaque removal, remains the mainstay of oral hygiene and plaque control.…”
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“…Mechanical removal procedures are unable to prevent completely white spot formation during MB treatment. [4][5][6][7][8] It is generally accepted that fluoride ions promote remineralization of tooth substance and reduce the rate of demineralization. However, fluoride treatment has been shown to have a reduced effect under bacterially produced lower pH conditions 9 as they occur in MB patients compared with untreated individuals.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%