Comparison between dental implants insertion torque and stability coefficient

Abstract

Background : Obtaining and maintaining implant stability are prerequisites for the clinical success of implant prostheses. Since primary stability is a direct consequence of bone-implant contact, it depends on bone density, surgical technique, and macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the implant used. Primary stability can be either measured by insertion torque or resonance frequency analysis, but no relation between these two is clearly described.Aim/Hypothesis : The objective of this study was to evaluate the statistical correlation of primary stability through resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and manual torque of insertion through literature review and case series study.Material and Methods : This study was conducted on a post-graduate clinic, where fourteen dental implants had their manual torque and RFA measured using a manual torque device during installation. RFA measured the Implant stability quotient (ISQ) using a smartpeg after installation in 5 different positions (buccal, lingual, occlusal, mesial and distal). All of the fourteen implants had the same conical connection and were placed in the mandible or maxilla. The mean ISQ measurements and manual torque were submitted to statistical analysis to determine a possible correlation.Results : We evaluated 13 implants, 9 implants performed in female patients and 4 male patients, 5 in maxilla and 8 in mandible. For the study, internal conical connection dental implants were used. In order to verify the correlation between TORQUE and ISQ, the statistical software R was used through the Pearson correlation coefficient correlation coefficient. After statistical analysis it was evidenced that there is a strong positive correlation between torque and ISQ, with a value of 0.8. Conclusion and Clinical Implications :The study shows that torque and ISQ, in disagreement with the current literature, are correlatable measurements for primary stability. Hence, since this is important factor for dental implant success, the authors suggests that ISQ may be used in combination with torque to certify primary stability.