Comparison between CARIBIC Aerosol Samples Analysed by Accelerator-Based Methods and Optical Particle Counter Measurements

Martinsson, Bengt G.; Friberg, Johan; Andersson, Sandra; Weigelt, Alexandra; Hermann, M.; Assmann, Denise; Voigtländer, Jens; Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M.; Velthoven, P. J. F. van; Zahn, Andreas

doi:10.5194/amt-7-2581-2014

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The modeled aerosol extinction ratio peaks in the UTLS over Asia in a layer extending from 14 to 18 km, which is consistent with SAGE II observations [ Thomason and Vernier , ] and CALIPSO observations [ Vernier et al ., ]. The simulations reproduce the S/C ratio established by in situ measurements of the CARIBIC observatory [ Martinsson et al ., ] from 200 mb to 300 mb over Europe and Asia. The S/C ratio decreases from higher latitudes to lower latitudes, which possibly results in part from more organics emitted over India and China than over Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on a Instrument Container) provides observations of trace gases and aerosols since 1997 through intercontinental flights at 9–12 km altitude, which is at the lower edge of the ATAL [ Brenninkmeijer et al ., ]. We use CARIBIC aerosol elemental analysis data [ Martinsson et al ., ] from 2005 to 2014 collected during 330 flights from Frankfurt in Germany to East Asia (Guangzhou, China), Southeast Asia (Bangkok, Thailand), and the Indian subcontinent (Chennai, India). Detailed sampling and elemental analysis methods are described in Nguyen et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and physical properties of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer and the North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer

Toon

Neely

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Recent studies revealed layers of enhanced aerosol scattering in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Asia (Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL)) and North America (North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer (NATAL)). We use a sectional aerosol model (Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA)) coupled with the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) to explore the composition and optical properties of these aerosol layers. The observed aerosol extinction enhancement is reproduced by CESM1/CARMA. Both model and observations indicate a strong gradient of the sulfur-to-carbon ratio from Europe to the Asia on constant pressure surfaces. We found that the ATAL is mostly composed of sulfates, surface-emitted organics, and secondary organics; the NATAL is mostly composed of sulfates and secondary organics. The model also suggests that emission increases in Asia between 2000 and 2010 led to an increase of aerosol optical depth of the ATAL by 0.002 on average which is consistent with observations. Key Points The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer is composed of sulfate, primary organics, and secondary organics The North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer is mostly composed of sulfate and secondary organics Aerosol Optical Depth of Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer increases by 0.002 from 2000 to 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and physical properties of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer and the North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer

Toon

Neely

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The inlet used in phase #1 had an estimated sampling efficiency of 90% for 0.1–1 µm particles [ Hermann et al , ]. The presently used system (phase #2) has a sampling efficiency of 60% for 5 µm particles and a high transmission (>90%) for submicron particles [ Martinsson et al , ; Rauthe‐Schöch et al , ]. A cyclone with close to 100% transmission for submicron particles [ Nguyen et al , ] and a cutoff size of 2 µm are installed to reduce the influence from larger particles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of volcanic eruptions on midlatitude upper tropospheric aerosol and consequences for cirrus clouds

Friberg

Martinsson

Sporre

et al. 2015

Earth and Space Science

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The influence of downwelling stratospheric sulfurous aerosol on the UT (upper troposphere) aerosol concentrations and on cirrus clouds is investigated using CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container observations) (between 1999-2002 and 2005-2013) Due to consequent subsidence, the sulfur loading of the upper troposphere (S UT ) was increased by a factor of 2.5 compared to background levels. Comparison of S LMS and S UT during the seasons March-July and August-November shows a close coupling of the UT and LMS. Finally, the relationship between S LMS and the cirrus cloud reflectance (CR) retrieved from MODIS spectrometer (on board the satellites Terra and Aqua) is studied. S LMS and CR show a strong anticorrelation, with a factor of 3.5 increase in S LMS and decrease of CR by 8 ± 2% over the period [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011]. We propose that the increase of S LMS due to volcanism has caused the coinciding cirrus CR decrease, which would be associated with a negative radiative forcing in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes.

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“…When analyzing the first flight data it was found that high, short-time peaks in the CARIBIC OPSS particle number and mass concentrations correlated well with the occurrence of clouds (Martinsson et al, 2014;Weigelt, 2015). The latter were identified using the cloud water content measured in parallel in situ by the CARIBIC water instruments (Dyroff et al, 2014) and, when this parameter was not available, using the modeled cloud water content from KNMI (www.knmi.nl/ samenw/campaign_support/CARIBIC/index.html, accessed 1 July 2015).…”

Section: Post-flight Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study we present a new OPSS applied for regular measurements of the UT/LMS particle number size distribution on board a passenger aircraft. Particle size distributions measured by this OPSS were already used in previous studies (Rauthe-Schöch et al, 2012;Martinsson et al, 2014;Andersson et al, 2015), but here the instrument is described in detail for the first time (Sect. 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optical particle size spectrometer for aircraft-borne measurements in IAGOS-CARIBIC

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The particle number size distribution is an important parameter to characterize the atmospheric aerosol and its influence on the Earth's climate. Here we describe a new optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS) for measurements of the accumulation mode particle number size distribution in the tropopause region on board a passenger aircraft (IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System -Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container). A modified KS93 particle sensor from RION Co., Ltd., together with a new airflow system and a dedicated data acquisition system, is the key component of the CARIBIC OPSS. The instrument records individual particle pulse signal curves in the particle size range 130-1110 nm diameter (for a particle refractive index of 1.47-i0.006) together with a time stamp and thus allows the post-flight choice of the time resolution and the size distribution bin width. The CARIBIC OPSS has a 50 % particle detection diameter of 152 nm and a maximum asymptotic counting efficiency of 98 %. The instrument's measurement performance shows no pressure dependency and no particle coincidence for free tropospheric conditions. The size response function of the CARIBIC OPSS was obtained by a polystyrene latex calibration in combination with model calculations. Particle number size distributions measured with the new OPSS in the lowermost stratosphere agreed within a factor of 2 in concentration with balloon-borne measurements over western North America. Since June 2010 the CARIBIC OPSS is deployed once per month in the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory.

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Comparison between CARIBIC Aerosol Samples Analysed by Accelerator-Based Methods and Optical Particle Counter Measurements

Cited by 22 publications

References 60 publications

Composition and physical properties of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer and the North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer

Composition and physical properties of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer and the North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer

Influence of volcanic eruptions on midlatitude upper tropospheric aerosol and consequences for cirrus clouds

An optical particle size spectrometer for aircraft-borne measurements in IAGOS-CARIBIC

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