Comparison between adenosine and isoflurane for assessing the coronary flow reserve in mouse models of left ventricular pressure and volume overload

Abstract

Adenosine and high-concentration isoflurane are commonly used to induce hyperemia for assessment of coronary flow reserve (CFR) in mice, but high-concentration isoflurane may exacerbate cardiac dysfunction, leading to impaired CFR. However, there is no study be found comparing the effects of adenosine and isoflurane on CFR and corresponding cardiac function. High-resolution echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic assessment were performed in 20 mice 2 wk after transverse aortic constriction (TAC), aortic regurgitation (AR), and corresponding sham operation. CFR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to basal peak diastolic velocity (CFRpdv) or diastolic velocity-time integral (CFRdvti). In the sham-operated mice, no differences were observed between the effects of adenosine and isoflurane on CFR, left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening), left ventricular end-systolic pressure, maximal contraction and relaxation velocity (+dp/dt and -dp/dt), alteration of left ventricular pressure (ΔLVP), or ±dp/dt (Δdp/dt). But adenosine-derived results were significantly higher than isoflurane-derived ones in both the TAC and the AR groups. Moreover, CFRpdv or CFRdvti was positively correlated with both LVEF and LVFS. Compared with adenosine-derived CFR, isoflurane-derived CFR may be underestimated in the TAC and the AR mice, which is probably associated with suppressed cardiac function.

Notch3 deficiency impairs coronary microvascular maturation and reduces cardiac recovery after myocardial ischemia

“…The coronary flow reserve (CFR) was calculated as the ratio of peak blood flow velocity during hyperemia to peak blood flow velocity at baseline [20,21]. To determine the cardiac hypertrophy, heart weight (HW), heart/body weight (HW/WB) ratio and heart weight/tibia length ratio were measured at the end of experiments.…”

Ablation of SIRT3 causes coronary microvascular dysfunction and impairs cardiac recovery post myocardial ischemia

“…The coronary flow reserve (CFR) is expressed as the ratio of peak blood flow velocity during hyperemia to peak blood flow velocity at baseline [22;23]. …”

Characterization of Coronary Flow Reserve and Left Ventricular Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Chronic Aortic Regurgitation With Carvedilol Intervention

“…Severe aortic regurgitation was induced in the animals by retrograde puncture of the aortic valve leaflets, as described previously 10 , 13 . Briefly, the mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of ketamine (150 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg).…”

“…At 4 weeks after surgery, aortic regurgitation was considered severe if echocardiography showed remarkably increased LV dilatation (end‐diastolic dimension >4.5 mm) and the presence of retrograde holo‐diastolic flow in the proximal descending aorta with an end‐diastolic velocity higher than 300 mm/s. According to our and others' previous studies, an end‐diastolic velocity higher than 300 mm/s caused conspicuous eccentric LV hypertrophy 10 , 13 . Animals that did not fulfill these echocardiographic criteria were not included in the study.…”