Comparison between a rapid diagnostic test and dried blood spot-based immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen testing: Performance and cost implications in a population-based serosurvey in Vietnam

Okawa, Sumiyo; Komada, Kenichi; Ichimura, Yasunori; Sugiyama, Masaya; Thai, Hung; Le, Huy Xuan; Hoang, Thanh T.; Nguyen, Trieu; Huynh, Mai Kim; Hoang, Hang Thi Hai; Tran, Nhu Anh Thi; Le, Thieu Hoang; Ngo, Quyet Thi; Miyano, Shinsuke; Yokobori, Yuta; Inoue, Yasuhiro; Mizoue, Tetsuya; Hachiya, Masahiko

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.011

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This was also consistent with the comparison of room temperature and subfreezing temperatures for evaluating the stability of HBV DNA after 1 week, 43,48,52 or HBsAg 71 and related antibodies after 2 weeks 71 . In contrast, subfreezing temperatures were recommended for extended periods of storage, regardless of the target molecules 19,26,35,41 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Figure 3A illustrates the distribution of populations studied in the included publications. The majority of studies ( n = 15) focused on general populations, such as Chinese residents in the United Kingdom and individuals aged 1–39 in the South‐Central coast region of Vietnam 18–31 . Fourteen studies ( n = 14) examined populations with known HBV, HCV and/or HIV status 17,32–43 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…71 In contrast, subfreezing temperatures were recommended for extended periods of storage, regardless of the target molecules. 19,26,35,41 TA B L E 1 Summary of the diagnostic performance of different tests that used dried blood spots as samples for detecting hepatitis B infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flowchart of the methodology from identification to screening, following the PRISMA requirements. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Fourteen studies (n = 14) examined populations with known HBV, HCV and/or HIV status. 17,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Twelve articles (n = 12) examined patients attending or staying in hospitals, clinics and health centres.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: A systematic review

Virtudazo,

Aquino,

Arellano

et al. 2023

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Hepatitis B remains a public health problem worldwide despite vaccine availability. Although the existing diagnostic tools help detect the infection, logistics support and limited resources and technologies affect their usefulness and reliability in developing countries. This systematic review evaluated the performance of dried blood spots (DBS) as a collection and storage tool for diagnosing an hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A comprehensive search using OVID, Scopus and CINAHL databases was performed to collate articles published up to April 2023 that detected Hepatitis B infections using DBS. Five reviewers independently performed identification, screening, quality assessment and data extraction. A qualitative synthesis of the included studies was conducted. Of the 402 articles, 78 met the inclusion criteria. The results show that most studies focused on populations with known HBV, HCV and/or HIV status. Approximately half (49%) of the included studies utilized the Whatman Protein Saver Card for DBS collection. The DBS samples were then predominantly stored in room temperature conditions. In line with this, storage conditions influenced the concentration and stability of the analyte from the DBS samples, affecting the accuracy of downstream diagnostic methods. ELISA methods, using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as an HBV marker, were the most widely used diagnostic tool for detecting HBV infection in DBS samples. The simplicity and cost‐effectiveness of the ELISA technique highlight its potential to be used in low‐resource settings. In line with this, the detection of HBsAg using an ELISA immunoassay had higher sensitivity (85.6%–100%), and specificity (95%–100%) ranges as compared to other target molecules and methods. Although this review only performed a qualitative analysis, DBS offers a promising method for collecting and storing blood samples; however, the standardization of sampling, storing conditions and diagnostic techniques is required to ensure sustainable application.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: A systematic review

Virtudazo,

Aquino,

Arellano

et al. 2023

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…People who remain non‐immune to HBV following vaccination would benefit from regular screening for HBV acquisition, consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for screening sexually transmitted infections among people engaged in PrEP care [ 34 ]. HBV screening using point‐of‐care testing is an accurate and feasible approach to conduct community‐based screening at low cost [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. However, at the current time, most HIV PrEP and HBV treatment programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa are separate, funded through different mechanisms and implemented at different clinical sites [ 9 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What does the scale‐up of long‐acting HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis mean for the global hepatitis B epidemic?

Mohareb,

Kouamé,

Nouaman

et al. 2024

J Int AIDS Soc.

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IntroductionThe HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) epidemics are interconnected with shared routes of transmission and specific antiviral drugs that are effective against both viruses. Nearly, 300 million people around the world live with chronic HBV, many of whom are from priority populations who could benefit from HIV prevention services. Oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV has implications in the prevention and treatment of HBV infection, but many people at increased risk of HIV acquisition may instead prefer long‐acting formulations of PrEP, which are currently not active against HBV.DiscussionPeople at increased risk for HIV acquisition may also be at risk for or already be living with HBV infection. Oral PrEP with tenofovir is effective in preventing both HIV and HBV, and tenofovir is also the recommended treatment for chronic HBV infection. Although implementation of oral PrEP has been challenging in sub‐Saharan Africa, investments in its scale‐up could secondarily reduce the clinical impact of HBV. Long‐acting PrEP, including injectable medicines and implantable rings, may overcome some of the implementation challenges associated with oral PrEP, such as daily pill burden, adherence challenges and stigma; however, current formulations of long‐acting PrEP do not have activity against HBV replication. Ideally, PrEP programmes would offer both oral and long‐acting formulations with HBV screening to optimize HIV prevention services and HBV prevention and care, when appropriate. People who are not immune to HBV would benefit from being vaccinated against HBV before initiating long‐acting PrEP. People who remain non‐immune to HBV despite vaccination may benefit from being offered oral, tenofovir‐based PrEP given its potential for HBV PrEP. People using PrEP and living with HBV who are not linked to dedicated HBV care would also benefit from laboratory monitoring at PrEP sites to ensure safety when using and after stopping tenofovir. PrEP programmes are ideal venues to offer HBV screening, HBV vaccination for people who are non‐immune and treatment with tenofovir‐based PrEP for people with indications for HBV therapy.ConclusionsLong‐acting PrEP holds promise for reducing HIV incidence, but its implications for the HBV epidemic, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa, should not be overlooked.

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Costs of Community-Based Viral Hepatitis Screening in Cameroon Using Point-of-Care Technologies

Tazinkeng,

Mohareb,

Asombang

et al. 2024

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Comparison between a rapid diagnostic test and dried blood spot-based immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen testing: Performance and cost implications in a population-based serosurvey in Vietnam

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: A systematic review

The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: A systematic review

What does the scale‐up of long‐acting HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis mean for the global hepatitis B epidemic?

Costs of Community-Based Viral Hepatitis Screening in Cameroon Using Point-of-Care Technologies

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