Comparison between 2-D &amp; 3-D using an autostereoscopic display: The effects of viewing field and illumination on performance and visual fatigue

Ntuen, Celestine A.; Goings, Michael; Reddin, Michael; Holmes, Ken

doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2008.07.001

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Third, we calculate the wavelet coefficient variance estimation valueσ 2 and the soft thresholding T by Eqs. (14) and (15):…”

Section: Denoising Using Bayesian Map Estimation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, the OE metrics and the benchmark evaluation regions of the OE above are both utilized as a feedback to search the proper control parameters in wavelet domain to improve the applicability of our algorithm. On the other hand, some visual fatigue factors 13,14 are also employed to choose the different benchmark evaluation region of OE because the space task is always a long-time mission and the SE of the enhancement effect will be different with the increase of the visual fatigue. The visual fatigue can be detected by the face recognition and analysis technique, which will be developed in our system in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Image Quality Feedback-Based Adaptive Video Definition Improvement for the Space Manipulation Task

Liu

Wang

et al. 2011

Int. J. Image Grap.

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A novel video definition enhancement technique for space manipulation task is presented in this paper. In contrast to other techniques, we implement our algorithm by considering both the feedback of the image quality (IQ) and the correction of the visual fatigue factor simultaneously. First, when designing the objective IQ evaluation metrics, we employ both the subjective evaluation result of the IQ and the information of the attention region to improve their performances. The canonical correlation analysis technique is used to build the connection between the subjective evaluation results and the objective ones. The eye tracking system is employed to search the location of the visual attention. Second, a denoising and enhancement technique in wavelet domain is developed to improve the imaging definition. The whole calculation process is monitored by the feedback of the objective IQ evaluation metrics mentioned above. The evaluation result of IQ is also corrected by some visual fatigue factors since the space tasks are always a long-time mission. The face recognition technique will be included in our system in the future to detect and analyze the visual fatigue, although it is not developed currently. Extensive experimental results have shown the effectivity of our proposed technique.

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“…Third, we calculate the wavelet coefficient variance estimation valueσ 2 and the soft thresholding T by Eqs. (14) and (15):…”

Section: Denoising Using Bayesian Map Estimation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Quality Feedback-Based Adaptive Video Definition Improvement for the Space Manipulation Task

Liu

Wang

et al. 2011

Int. J. Image Grap.

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show abstract

“…18 Among other researchers, the present authors have advanced the limitation of ambient illumination to the acceptable degree for viewing films or playing video games on a stereoscopic or autostereoscopic display. [19][20][21][22] As a result, the viewing experience under conditions of different ambient illumination and screen luminance has recently become an important topic in relation to the viewing of 3-D displays.…”

Section: Screen Luminance and Ambient Illuminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminance effects influencing perception of 3‐D TV imagery

Wang¹,

Hwang²,

Chen³

et al. 2012

J Soc Info Display

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Abstract— This study investigates whether screen luminance or ambient illumination has a significant effect on the perception of 3‐D TV imagery for static images and dynamic films. Two types of stimuli were shown on a multi‐view stereoscopic display: the static image, which included computer‐generated and photographic images, and dynamic film, which contained real‐life and animation images. In each treatment with a different level of screen luminance, subjects completed psychophysical and physiological measurements and subjective comfort evaluations. The results showed that when subjects viewed 3‐D static images, the ambient illumination affected psychophysical visual fatigue and screen luminance had a significant effect on subjective comfort evaluation and visual discrimination performance. However, when subjects viewed 3‐D dynamic films, screen luminance was the major factor causing psychophysical visual fatigue, and ambient illumination significantly affected subjective comfort evaluation. The outcomes contribute to knowledge concerning the suitable viewing conditions for the 3‐D viewing experience. Future work will explore the intolerance threshold of the lowest display luminance or the effect of decomposition of the screen on other physiological measurements.

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“…Because it was launched, it soon becomes available in a wide range of applications, ranging from science to entertainment . Many people perceive visual fatigue following sustained viewing, so autostereoscopic 3D displays have not yet widely accepted . It is important to address the problem of visual fatigue, at least comparable to that of the conventional two‐dimensional (2D) displays, so as to ensure a successful introduction of autostereoscopic 3D displays …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between phoria and visual fatigue in autostereoscopic 3D displays

2015

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-Many people complain about visual fatigue arising from viewing three-dimensional (3D) displays. This paper investigates relationship between visual fatigue and viewers' phoria for viewing autostereoscopic 3D displays. Visual fatigue is evaluated through subjective symptoms with a questionnaire and optometric indicators comprising fusion range as well as accommodation convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio to measure the variation in visual functions. A screening test is adopted to divide the subjects into two groups based on whether they suffer from phoria. Then a 2 × 2 × 2 mixed design experiment is conducted with display type, viewing stage, and visual state as factors to examine visual fatigue during viewing session. The results show that phoria subjects obtain more severe visual fatigue than normal on subjective evaluation. The normal subjects reveal a more marked difference with phoria in fusion range and AC/A ratio after viewing 3D video clip. Fusion range can significantly distinguish between the two-dimensional (2D) and 3D condition as well as between the preand post-viewing stages. The sensitivity and specificity of fusion range is higher than AC/A ratio with respect to viewing of 3D contents, so it is more appropriate as an optometric indicator of visual fatigue for autostereoscopic 3D displays.

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Comparison between 2-D & 3-D using an autostereoscopic display: The effects of viewing field and illumination on performance and visual fatigue

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Image Quality Feedback-Based Adaptive Video Definition Improvement for the Space Manipulation Task

Image Quality Feedback-Based Adaptive Video Definition Improvement for the Space Manipulation Task

Luminance effects influencing perception of 3‐D TV imagery

Relationship between phoria and visual fatigue in autostereoscopic 3D displays

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