Comparison and Usefulness of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Versus Computed Tomography in Infants Six Months of Age or Younger With Aortic Arch Anomalies Without Deep Sedation or Anesthesia

Multimodality Imaging Guidelines of Patients with Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography

“…In the same plane directed toward the right, the entrance of the right pulmonary veins into the atrium can be seen. The midesophageal bicaval view (90 ) demonstrates both limbs of the systemic venous baffle as they wrap around the pulmonary venous baffle (Video 13; available at www.onlinejase.com). When rotating to the left, the baffle can be seen as it enters the mitral valve.…”

“…Newer techniques enable infants <6 months of age to undergo a full study without anesthesia or sedation using the ''feed and swaddle'' technique. [90][91][92] Up to 15% of patients who have undergone the AtrSO have cardiac pacemakers; these devices as well as implantable defibrillators have historically been considered a contraindication to CMR. 93 However, research over the past decade has indicated that CMR in some patients with these devices may be reasonable and relatively safe under specific circumstances.…”

“…A) TEE in bicaval view(90 ) demonstrates a baffle leak in the pulmonary venous channel (a left-to-right shunt). This baffle leak is close to the inferior limb of the systemic venous channel.…”

Advances in Radiologic Imaging of Neonatal Airway Disorders

“…Depending on the clinical indication, current MRI protocols may require scan time of up to 30-60 min, and the majority of infants will require sedation or cardiac anesthesia [ 3 ]. In young infants (usually less than 6 months old), a "feed and swaddle" method can be attempted, and may obviate the need for anesthesia or deep sedation [ 12 ]. Evaluation of the lung parenchyma on MRI is limited due to artifacts from air-tissue interface susceptibility, as well as respiratory and cardiac motion.…”

“…The major advantages of MRI are its lack of ionizing radiation, high soft tissue contrast, and the ability to image in multiple planes without changing the position of the patient. Cardiovascular MRI has excellent accuracy in diagnosis of vascular anomalies that cause airway compromise [ 12 ].…”