“…In, Hee, and Oh (2002) used an osmometric method to determine the DH of only the permeate, while other workers who studied EMR hydrolysis of proteins did not report any determination of the DH at all (Chiang, Shih, & Chu, 1999;D'Alvise, Lesueur-Lambert, Fertin, Dhulster & Guillochon, 2000;Deeslie & Cheryan, 1981;Je, Kim, & Kim, 2005;Mannheim & Cheryan, 1990;Martin-Orue, Henry, & Bouhallab, 1999;Perea & Ugalde, 1996). Meanwhile Bressollier, Petit, and Julien (1988), Lin, Chiang, Cordle, and Thomas (1997) and Mokrane, Belhocine, and Mameri (2006) controversially used the pH-stat method to calculate the DH of EMR hydrolysis processes, which likely led to an exaggeration of the final DH in the EMR, owing to leakage of the alkali used to regulate the pH during hydrolysis in membrane reactors.…”