Comparison and Characterization of Soybean and Sunflower Lecithins Used for Chocolate Production by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

The scarce availability of nongenetically modified soybeans on the world market represents a growing problem for food manufacturers. Hence, in this study the effects of substituting soybean with sunflower lecithin were investigated with regard to chocolate production. The glycerophospholipid pattern of the different lecithin samples was investigated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography fluorescence detection (HPTLC-FLD) and by HPTLC-positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI(+)-MS) via the TLC-MS Interface and by scanning HPTLC-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Especially, the contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were of interest due to the influencing effects of these two glycerophospholipids on the rheological parameters of chocolate production. The lecithin substitution led to only slight differences in the rheological parameters of milk and dark chocolate. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of seven glycerophospholipids were studied for three detection modes. Mean LODs ranged from 8 to 40 mg/kg for HPTLC-FLD and, using a single-quadrupole MS, from 10 to 280 mg/kg for HPTLC-ESI(+)-MS as well as from 15 to 310 mg/kg for HPTLC-FLD-ESI(+)-MS recorded after derivatization with the primuline reagent.

Identification and Quantification of Natural Lecithin Phospholipids and Their Residuals in Freeze-Dried and Drum-Dried Fruits and Vegetables by LC-MS and HPLC-ELSD

“…This indicated the presence of PC 34:2 and PC 36:4. These results are consistent with the literature (Krüger, Bürmann & Morlock, 2015), in which sn-1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC and sn-1,2-dilinoleoyl-PC were reported in sunflower lecithin. To further separate different classes of PE and PC, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography was used to obtain their fingerprints from samples.…”

“…Typically, PC and PE are the major phospholipid classes in sunflower lecithin (Krüger, Bürmann & Morlock, 2015). Thus, identification analysis focused on these two compounds even though all of the four phospholipid classes were screened in each sample tested.…”

Direct Coupling of HPTLC with MALDI‐TOF MS for Qualitative Detection of Flavonoids on Phytochemical Fingerprints

“…Until now, this approach has been successfully applied for the analysis of various types of molecules e.g. lipids in (i) stem cells (Fuchs et al , ), (ii) soybean and sunflower (Krüger et al , ), and (iii) bacteria (Kondakova et al , ), oligosaccharides (Nimptsch et al , ), as well as synthetic materials (Leriche et al , ). Although conventional MALDI‐TOF MS is commonly used for analysis of flavonoids (Wang and Sporns, ; Frison‐Norrie and Sporns, ; Grant and Helleur, ), to the best of our knowledge no reports of MALDI MS analysis of flavone glycosides and flavonol glycosides and their corresponding aglycones directly from TLC plates have been made to date.…”

Titania and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Coating with Polydopamine and Encapsulation within Lecithin Liposomes—Water Treatment Analysis by Gel Filtration Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

“…Unfortunately, the blank (a mixture of lecithin liposomes and distilled deionized water in a ratio of 1:2 by volume) produced a peak area as large as those obtained from all standard concentrations below 0.10 mg/mL. This could probably be attributed to stronger fluorescence from the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine contents of lecithin at these maximum wavelengths [51]. It became important that the blank peak from lecithin liposomes be separated from the lecithin liposome-encapsulated TiO 2 peaks by using a longer GFC column for extended analysis.…”