“…However, all these extracts had very low concentrations of eugenol thus suggesting that following the original protocol (even with 30 g per 500 ml) may lead to inactive extracts. Using an arm-in-cage set-up, Miot and collaborators found no significant difference in repellency when comparing arms treated with this homemade recipe and untreated arms 15 . By contrast Affonso and collaborators reported that clove buds ethanolic extracts obtained by static maceration showed repellence activity against the yellow fever mosquito, Ae.…”
Insect repellents are important prophylactic tools for travelers to and populations living in endemic areas of malaria, dengue, encephalitis, and other vector-borne diseases, and the first line of defense against emerging arboviruses. However, the cost of daily applications of even the most affordable and the gold standard of insect repellents, DEET, is still high for low-income populations where repellents are needed the most. An Indian clove-based homemade recipe has been presented as a panacea. We analyzed this homemade repellent and confirmed by behavioral measurements and odorant receptor responses that eugenol is the active ingredient in this formulation. Prepared as advertised, this homemade repellent is ineffective, whereas 5X more concentrated extracts from the brand most enriched in eugenol showed moderate repellency activity against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. DEET showed higher performance when compared to the 5X concentrated formulation and is available in the same market at a lower price than the cost of the ingredients to prepare the homemade formulation.
“…However, all these extracts had very low concentrations of eugenol thus suggesting that following the original protocol (even with 30 g per 500 ml) may lead to inactive extracts. Using an arm-in-cage set-up, Miot and collaborators found no significant difference in repellency when comparing arms treated with this homemade recipe and untreated arms 15 . By contrast Affonso and collaborators reported that clove buds ethanolic extracts obtained by static maceration showed repellence activity against the yellow fever mosquito, Ae.…”
Insect repellents are important prophylactic tools for travelers to and populations living in endemic areas of malaria, dengue, encephalitis, and other vector-borne diseases, and the first line of defense against emerging arboviruses. However, the cost of daily applications of even the most affordable and the gold standard of insect repellents, DEET, is still high for low-income populations where repellents are needed the most. An Indian clove-based homemade recipe has been presented as a panacea. We analyzed this homemade repellent and confirmed by behavioral measurements and odorant receptor responses that eugenol is the active ingredient in this formulation. Prepared as advertised, this homemade repellent is ineffective, whereas 5X more concentrated extracts from the brand most enriched in eugenol showed moderate repellency activity against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. DEET showed higher performance when compared to the 5X concentrated formulation and is available in the same market at a lower price than the cost of the ingredients to prepare the homemade formulation.
“…The experiment was carried out by 5 healthy adults who exposed their forearms to 30 healthy adult females A. aegypti (Rockfeller strain) retained on transparent plastic beds treated with 5% glucose solution and submitted for fasting blood feeding for 24 hours 8 . The mosquito breeding laboratory included temperature, humidity, and illumination control to standardize the experimental conditions, being maintained by the Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBB-UNESP), Botucatu-SP.…”
Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The time (in seconds) of the exposure to the first mosquito bite in each forearm without products and with bilateral combinations of the main Brazilian commercial repellents with pediatric indications was measured. Each experiment, therefore, resulted in three measures 8 .…”
Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If no bites occurred, the study was interrupted in 10,800 s (3h). Mosquitos were replaced if necessary (in cases of death, flight, or loss of vitality) 8 . Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test 9 .…”
“…Uma minoria afirmou se prevenir do mosquito a partir da planta ou produtos de citronela (Cymbopogonwinterianus) (1,2%) e por meio de repelentes domésticos (1,5%). Apesar de dados da literatura sugerirem que alguns repelentes produzidos a base de óleo de plantas tenham certa eficácia na prevenção de doenças transmitidas por picadas de insetos (Fradin e Day, 2002;Miot et al, 2011;Silva, 2014), eles costumam ser altamente voláteis e, portanto, com efeito de curta duração (Stefani et al, 2009;Fradin, 1998). Dessa forma, é importante que o uso destes não substitua as práticas preventivas usuais da população.…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.