Comparing wireless flooding protocols using trace-based simulations

Abstract

Most wireless multi-hop networks, such as ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks, need network-wide broadcasting, which is best done with a flooding protocol. In this article, we use packet trace information from a real test-bed network to define a simulator for flooding protocol performance studies. Five protocols are compared using the simulator. Trace-based simulations promise to have the benefits of the simulator, such as reducing required work effort and repeatability but still produce results close to the real test-bed or deployment. We propose and evaluate different approaches on how to use collected trace data and how to tune the parameters to achieve the best possible accuracy in comparison with actual test-bed measurements. We study the resulting accuracy of the model so that performance studies know with what confidence a certain conclusion can be made. Using the new trace-based model and knowing its accuracy, we compare the five flooding protocols to gain additional insights into their performance. Finally, by modifying the trace data, we study how real-world effects, such as links with in-between qualities and asymmetric links, influence the different flooding protocols.

Underwater Direction of Arrival Estimation using Wideband Arrays of Opportunity

“…For example, this implies running complex channel models in real-time in some dedicated hardware. Trace-based simulation [161][162][163], also described as channel replay-based, relies on the recording of the time series (or "traces") of link quality metrics [164]. This makes it possible to exactly reproduce the same wireless channel conditions repeatedly, and to test different protocols in fully comparable scenarios.…”

ASUNA: A Topology Data Set for Underwater Network Emulation

“…For example, this implies running complex channel models in real-time in some dedicated hardware. Trace-based simulation [27]- [29], also described as channel replaybased, relies on the recording of the time series (or "traces") of link quality metrics [30]. This makes it possible to exactly reproduce the same wireless channel conditions repeatedly, and to test different protocols in fully comparable scenarios.…”

Trace‐based simulation for 6TiSCH

“…Marchiori et al 3 evaluate CTP (Collected Tree Protocol) by trace-based simulation with their own simulator called WsnSimPy. Jacobson et al 4 implement a trace-based simulation model on ns-2, and evaluated flooding protocols. Lamera et al 5 propose a trace-based simulation on ns-3, evaluating it with WiFi.…”