Comparing walking biomechanics of older females in maximal, minimal, and traditional shoes

WITHDRAWN: Four weeks minimalist shoe walking improves measures of foot posture and balance in healthy young adults – a randomized controlled trial

“…The altered foot strike pattern of MS runners not only seems to activate the local stabilizing muscles (i.e., IFM) during running, but also leads to greater force generation in the extrinsic foot muscles (EFM), which go along the ankle joint complex (i.e., posterior and medial calf muscles) 9,21,24 , and an altered mechanical leg axis during movement 25 . Snow, et al 24 report an increased activation of the calf and gluteal muscles in MS running, which supports the assumption that MS interventions might in uence strength in remote muscles (i.e., not directly adjacent to the foot) of the dorsal chain (DC).…”

Cushioned Footwear Effect on Pain and Gait Characteristics of Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blinded 3 Month Intervention Study

“…We expected changes in the gait pattern, in accordance with the previous results exploring the biomechanics of walking with cushioned shoes. In a previous study, the research showed that there are biomechanical differences in older females walking with maximally and minimally cushioned shoes and conventional shoes [ 21 ]. Specifically, the authors reported a larger knee adduction moment when the subjects were ambulating while wearing the maximally cushioned shoe.…”

“…Specifically, the authors reported a larger knee adduction moment when the subjects were ambulating while wearing the maximally cushioned shoe. Additionally, the peak knee flexion angle and the loading rates of the vertical ground reaction force were significantly lower when they were using the maximally cushioned shoe [ 21 ]. Although the study population did not include individuals with OA, the authors surmised that the reduction of the ground reaction force loading rate when they were using the maximally cushioned shoes might reduce the risk of the deterioration of OA [ 21 ].…”

“…Additionally, the peak knee flexion angle and the loading rates of the vertical ground reaction force were significantly lower when they were using the maximally cushioned shoe [ 21 ]. Although the study population did not include individuals with OA, the authors surmised that the reduction of the ground reaction force loading rate when they were using the maximally cushioned shoes might reduce the risk of the deterioration of OA [ 21 ]. While the results are encouraging regarding the benefits of using cushioned shoes, we cannot predict that similar results would have been found if an identical study were to be performed in a population with knee OA.…”

“…Surprisingly, while cushioned footwear is recommended for this population, publications on the use of a cushioned shoe in individuals with knee OA are scarce. One publication reported different sagittal knee kinematics and kinetics when they were using a cushioned shoe [ 21 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports regarding the long-term use effect of using cushioned shoes on the pain and spatio-temporal gait parameters of individuals with knee OA.…”