Comparing vaccination coverage of American Indian children with White children in North Dakota

Evaluating vaccination coverage and timeliness in American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic White children using state immunization information system data, 2015-2017

“…Our examination of centralized IIS data allowed for the characterization of vaccination coverage, vaccination timeliness, and undervaccination patterns for racial and ethnic subpopulations. This study’s findings that coverage gaps exist in Montana were consistent with an IIS analysis from neighboring North Dakota, also a large, primarily rural state with AI/AN as the largest racial minority group ( Woinarowicz and Howell, 2020 ). In our study, examination of IIS vaccination records longitudinally allowed us to identify when vaccine delays occurred and barriers to timely vaccination, such as use of alternative vaccination schedules ( Daley et al, 2021 , Freeman et al, 2022 , Glanz et al, 2013b , Hargreaves et al, 2020 , Nadeau et al, 2015 , Newcomer et al, 2021 , Robison et al, 2012 ).…”

“…However, when NIS-Child data were stratified by geographic regions with the greatest population percentages of AI/AN children for the years 1998–2000 and 2006–2010, national vaccination coverage estimates indicated vaccine uptake was higher among AI/AN children compared to non-AI/AN children ( CDC, 2003 , Groom et al, 2012 , Strine et al, 2003 ). In contrast, a more recent study analyzing detailed state immunization registry data found racial disparities in vaccination coverage in the U.S. state of North Dakota, with AI/AN children being significantly less up-to-date at key milestone ages compared to NHW children ( Woinarowicz and Howell, 2020 ).…”

Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout in a Highly Affected American Indian Community, San Carlos Apache Tribe, December 2020–February 2021

“…Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations had low rates of vaccination for diseases such as seasonal influenza, 6 pandemic H1N1 influenza, 7 human papillomavirus, 8 and routine childhood vaccinations 9 as compared with White populations. In contrast, AI/AN people had high overall early COVID-19 vaccination rates when compared with White people in the United States.…”