Comparing Theories of Resource Distribution: The Case of Iran

Abstract

This study addresses inequality through resource distribution in Iranian provinces with the use of new data collected and compiled from various sources using multilevel modeling. The models compare predictions of the various resource distribution theories using Iran’s 31 provincial budgets over 10 years. This resource distribution study provides a rare look at inequality in a country that, to a large degree, prohibits such examinations. The authors find that although ethnicity, religiosity, and allegiance to the regime have no influence on provincial budgets, geographic proximity to the central government is the strongest and only consistent predictor of resource allocation. The authors find that the greater the distance from the capital, the larger the respective per capita budget, net of other factors. This study contradicts both the centrality theory of state economic distribution and specific Iranian economic distribution theory and provides a new body of knowledge on state resource distribution.

Identifying and Prioritizing the Selection Criteria of Appropriate Repair and Maintenance Methods for Commercial Buildings

“…However, the above-cited studies did not consider some important criteria reported in Table 2, such as "Human Resources" and "Flexibility and Technical Capability", leaving their analysis incomplete. Moreover, none of the produced studies trying to prioritize the R&M method considered the Iranian context (Amani et al, 2012(Amani et al, , 2013Motamed & Majrouhi, 2018), which is featured by highly constrained and unequally distributed resources (Ledford & Lynch, 2019). In this regard, as demonstrated by Vanier et al (2006) in their study aimed at comparing different prioritization techniques, the R&M method to use highly depends on the assigned weight of factors made by evaluators, which vary by culture and organizational need.…”

“…However, the above-cited studies did not consider some important criteria, such as "Human Resources" and "Flexibility and Technical Capability", nor did they consider the case of Iran, showcased by highly constrained and unequally distributed resources (Ledford & Lynch, 2019). In this context, other studies tried elaborating tools for easing maintenance management of facilities in Iran (Amani et al, 2012(Amani et al, , 2013Motamed & Majrouhi, 2018), but, no-one aimed at prioritizing the criteria for selecting appropriate R&M methods for CBs.…”

Do Sustainability Standards Provide Environmental, Social and Economic Benefits for Independent Oil Palm Smallholders?

“…Access to financial institutions is resolved by creating conditions for independent smallholders from all branches of the financial industry (SIIA, 2018). Unequal allocation and access to resources are resolved by resource distribution with budgets and geographic proximity (Ledford & Lynch, 2019).…”

Determining the main criteria for selecting appropriate methods for repair and maintenance of commercial real estate in Iran

“…On the other hand, the previous research studies did not consider some important criteria, such as "Human resources" and "Flexibility and technical capability (FTC)" as well as they did not consider the case of developing countries (e.g. Iran), featured by constrained and unequally distributed resources (Ledford and Lynch, 2019). In this contextual regard, other studies tried elaborating tools for facilitating maintenance management of facilities F 40,5/6 (Amani et al, 2013;Motamed and Majrouhi, 2018), but no one aimed at prioritizing the essential criteria for selecting appropriate R&M methods of CREs.…”