Comparing the toxic potency in vivo of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and fluorinated alternatives

Gomis, Melissa; Vestergren, Robin; Borg, Daniel; Cousins, Ian T.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.011

Cited by 276 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) are of particular concern due to persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative properties (Gomis et al, 2018;Shi et al, 2018). In homologous series of PFCAs and PFSAs, the logarithm of the bioaccumulation factor (Log BAF) and the number of perfluoroalkyl carbon atoms were shown to be linearly correlated over a certain chain length range (Hong et al, 2015;Kwadijk et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances partitioning between surface water, suspended sediment, and biota in a macrotidal estuary

et al. 2019

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A temporal follow-up of PFAS partitioning was conducted in a macrotidal estuary. • Mean ΣPFASs = 6.5 ng L-1 in water, 3 ng g-1 in SPM, and 6.4 ng g-1 in invertebrates. • PFAS levels and profiles were relatively stable across different seasons. • Chain length was the key controlling factor of PFAS sorption and bioaccumulation. • Partitioning coefficients and bioaccumulation factors varied within a limited range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances partitioning between surface water, suspended sediment, and biota in a macrotidal estuary

et al. 2019

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“…A recently published carcinogenicity study of PFOA in rats [41] found increased incidence of pancreatic tumors in males at all doses tested (approximately 1.1 to 4.6 mg/kg/day) which were lower and administered at an earlier age than in previous studies, highlighting the importance of developmental exposure with regards to carcinogenic classification and potential. Additionally, for other toxicological endpoints, short-chain PFAS with faster elimination rates were found to be equally or more toxic than PFOA when accounting for difference in toxicokinetics [46], a finding that may be relevant for cancer risk assessment.…”

Section: Existing Research On Pfas Exposure and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 95%

Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Temkin

Hocevar

Andrews

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large class of environmentally persistent chemicals used in industrial and consumer products. Human exposure to PFAS is extensive, and PFAS contamination has been reported in drinking water and food supplies as well as in the serum of nearly all people. The most well-studied member of the PFAS class, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), induces tumors in animal bioassays and has been associated with elevated risk of cancer in human populations. GenX, one of the PFOA replacement chemicals, induces tumors in animal bioassays as well. Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens framework for cancer hazard identification, we considered the existing epidemiological, toxicological and mechanistic data for 26 different PFAS. We found strong evidence that multiple PFAS induce oxidative stress, are immunosuppressive, and modulate receptor-mediated effects. We also found suggestive evidence indicating that some PFAS can induce epigenetic alterations and influence cell proliferation. Experimental data indicate that PFAS are not genotoxic and generally do not undergo metabolic activation. Data are currently insufficient to assess whether any PFAS promote chronic inflammation, cellular immortalization or alter DNA repair. While more research is needed to address data gaps, evidence exists that several PFAS exhibit one or more of the key characteristics of carcinogens.

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“…For example, data submitted by Pérez and coworkers showed that PFHxA concentration in liver was about 8 times higher than that measured for PFOA, and PFBA concentration in lung tissue was about 10 times higher than that measured for PFOA and PFOS. Moreover, adverse health effects (e.g., impact to hormone system, toxicokinetic activity) occurring as a result of exposure to PFOA and PFOS are similar to those caused by exposure to the longchain compounds [211,212]. Although short-chain PFAAs are considered to have properties of very high concern, these compounds are increasingly used [213].…”

Section: Regulatory Actions Regarding Pfaasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in terms of Sources, Applications, Human Exposure, Dietary Intake, Toxicity, Legal Regulation, and Methods of Determination

Sznajder‐Katarzyńska

Surma

Cieślik

2019

Journal of Chemistry

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely distributed across the world and are expected to be of concern to human health and the environment. The review focuses on perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and, in particular, on the most frequently discussed perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). In this study, some basic information concerning PFASs is reviewed, focusing mainly on PFAAs (perfluoroalkyl acids). We have made efforts to systemize their division into groups according to chemical structure, describe their basic physicochemical properties, characterize production technologies, and determine potential human exposure routes with particular reference to oral exposure. A variety of possible toxicological effects to human health are also discussed. In response to increasing public concern about the toxicity of PFAAs, an evaluation of dietary intake has been undertaken for two of the most commonly known PFAAs: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). As summarized in this study, PFAAs levels need further assessment due to the science-based TWI standards laid down by the EFSA’s CONTAM Panel regarding the risk to human health posed by the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food (tolerable weekly intakes of PFOA and PFOS set up to 6 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1 and 13 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1, respectively). Current legislation, relevant legislation on PFAAs levels in food, and the most popular methods of analysis in food matrices are described.

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Comparing the toxic potency in vivo of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and fluorinated alternatives

Cited by 276 publications

References 54 publications

Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances partitioning between surface water, suspended sediment, and biota in a macrotidal estuary

Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances partitioning between surface water, suspended sediment, and biota in a macrotidal estuary

Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

A Review of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in terms of Sources, Applications, Human Exposure, Dietary Intake, Toxicity, Legal Regulation, and Methods of Determination

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