Comparing the reported burn conditions for different severity burns in porcine models: a systematic review

Andrews, Christina M.; Cuttle, Leila

doi:10.1111/iwj.12786

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Establishing this method was important, as histologically determined depth of tissue injury was one of the two main outcome measures for the experimental animal studies. which is comparable to the average porcine skin thickness described by studies included in the systematic review of 2.27 ± 0.6mm (234). At the commencement of this research project, skin of this thickness was considered more similar to thickness values reported for human adults, rather than children (94,98).…”

Section: Methods For Creating and Evaluating Reproducible Scald Injurisupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Recently our group conducted a systematic review of porcine burn models and noted a substantial discrepancy between scald and contact burns for the burn conditions reported to create DDPT injuries (234). Results from these experimental studies support those findings, showing burn conditions for DDPT scald injuries involve comparatively lower temperatures and shorter exposure times than those reported for contact burns.…”

Section: -65% Of the Thickness Of The Dermis (Based On Identificatimentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This thesis included the first study to evaluate whether a pooled analysis of data from existing porcine burn models could be used to calculate the burn conditions required to create severe deep scalds. A systematic review including 42 studies found that DDPT burns were created using lower temperatures and shorter durations of exposure for scald burns (83ºC for 14 seconds) compared to contact burns (111ºC for 23 seconds) (234). The review showed that the mechanism of injury, e.g.…”

Section: Systematic Review Of Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validating the relationship between burn temperature, duration of exposure and tissue injury severity for scald burns

Andrews¹

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Scald injury events are a common occurrence in early childhood. To reduce the risk to children of sustaining severe burn injuries, understanding the relationship between water temperatures, duration of exposure and tissue injury severity is essential. Current data used to predict the severity of burn injury and guide global scald burn prevention strategies is from the 1940s and has never been validated histologically for differentiating between superficial and deep dermal damage. While all burn injuries are painful and distressing for a child, severe deep dermal burns will require hospitalisation for extensive medical treatment, surgical intervention and may lead to scarring in the long term. Therefore it is essential to appreciate not only the burn conditions predicted to result in a cutaneous injury, but also to estimate the severity of injury, with particular reference to the more serious and clinically relevant deep dermal and full thickness burns.

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Section: Methods For Creating and Evaluating Reproducible Scald Injurisupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: -65% Of the Thickness Of The Dermis (Based On Identificatimentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Systematic Review Of Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validating the relationship between burn temperature, duration of exposure and tissue injury severity for scald burns

Andrews¹

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“…Recently, our group conducted a systematic review of porcine burn models and noted a substantial discrepancy between scald and contact burns for the burn conditions reported to create DDPT injuries . Results from these experimental studies support those findings, showing burn conditions for DDPT scald injuries involve comparatively lower temperatures and shorter exposure times than those reported for contact burns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Evidence‐based injury prediction data for the water temperature and duration of exposure for clinically relevant deep dermal scald injuries

Andrews

Kimble

Kempf

et al. 2017

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Deep dermal burn injuries require extensive medical care; however, the water temperatures and durations of exposure that result in a severe scald injury are unknown. This study used a porcine burn model to investigate the time and temperature threshold for clinically relevant deep dermal injuries for both immersion (long duration) and spill/splash (short duration) scald events. Scald wounds were created on the flanks of anaesthetized juvenile large White pigs (27 kg). Acute tissue injury evaluations performed at 1 hour and days 1, 3, and 7 postburn (16 pigs) included: wound examination, biopsies, and laser Doppler imaging. Up to 20 burn combinations were tested including: 50-60 °C water for 1-10 minutes (immersion); and 60-90 °C water for 5 seconds (spill/splash). Burn conditions demonstrating mid-to-deep dermal damage histologically were followed for 21 days to assess time to reepithelialize (eight pigs). Histologically, depth of damage increased until day 3 postburn. Damage to ≥75% of the depth of dermis was associated with burns taking longer than 3 weeks to fully reepithelialize. For spill/splash (5 seconds) scalds, water at ≥75 °C showed damage to mid-dermis or deeper by day 3; however, only burns from water ≥85 °C were not reepithelialized by day 21. For immersion scalds of equivalent duration, water at 55 °C caused significantly deeper dermal damage than 50 °C (p < 0.05) at day 3. Immersion scalds that were not fully reepithelialized by day 21 included 50 °C for >10 minutes, 55 °C for 5 minutes, 60 °C for 60 seconds, and 70 °C for > 15 seconds. This research provides valuable evidence-based injury prediction data, which can be used to inform future burn injury prevention guidelines/legislation to reduce the risk of severe scald injuries and support medicolegal opinions for cases where an inflicted mechanism of injury is alleged.

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“…In small animals burns are usually caused by hot liquids, animal dryers, heated mattresses and electric wire bites (Vaughn and Beckel, 2012). Superficially, the injuries are extensive, erythematous and quite painful, capable of presenting edema, inflammation and scarification in severe cases that may require surgical therapy to effective treatment (Albernaz et al, 2015). An understanding of the clinical signs combined to the knowledge of the physiopathology in cases of thermal burns is indispensable to the development of studies about different treatments for this kind of injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological parameters to induction of second-degree thermal injuries in experimental model

Capella¹,

Tillmann²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2018

Braz. J. Biol. Sci.

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Thermal injuries present a high severity potential, affecting adjacent organs with functional loss and even methabolic, cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders that can lead the animal to death. Over time, companion animals started to share smaller spaces and living very close to humans, due to these changes cases of thermal burns have been increasing. Therefore, studies embracing this area are needed, considering the skin tissue and its attachments loss have repercussions in thequality of the wound healing. The complexity of this kind of skin injuries does not allow in vitro experiments to clarify its pathophysiology, being necessary to use experimental animals to replicate a thermal injury corectly, in the same way that we have a diversity of methodologies for inducing termal burns, and yet there is no such padronization for the development of a type of injury. In this scenario, the purpose of the study is to stablish methodological parameters for the induction of second-degree thermal lesions. Six Wistar rats were used, creating, with the help of cubic-tipped metallic device, two lesions on the back of each animal, one in the thoracic region and the other in the abdominal region. Different temperatures (90 oC and 100 oC) were applied in different times of contact with the skin (10 s, 15 s and 20 s), each animal received a temperature and time of exposure for both lesion sites. After three days the animals were euthanized, a photographic record was created and the injured skin sites were collected to evaluate the extent of the lesion by digital planimetry. Skin samples were processed and stained with hematoxicillin-eosin. It was observed that lesions in the abdominal region with higher temperature (100 oC) and longer exposure time (15 s and 20 s) showed an expansion in the diameter of the initial thermal lesion, whereas lesions of the thoracic region with lower temperature (90 oC) and time of exposure (10 s) showed a reduction related to the initial lesion size. Regarding the histopathological parameters, it was determined that wounds performed in the thoracic region and that remained longer in contact to high temperatures (90 oC and 100 oC) presented greater severity, whereas lesions located in the abdomen and with a shorter time of exposure to high temperatures were lower. Thus, it is concluded that to obtain standardized second-degree wounds it must be applied temperatures between 90 oC and 100 oC, for 15 s or 20 s, in the thoracic region.

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Comparing the reported burn conditions for different severity burns in porcine models: a systematic review

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Validating the relationship between burn temperature, duration of exposure and tissue injury severity for scald burns

Validating the relationship between burn temperature, duration of exposure and tissue injury severity for scald burns

Evidence‐based injury prediction data for the water temperature and duration of exposure for clinically relevant deep dermal scald injuries

Methodological parameters to induction of second-degree thermal injuries in experimental model

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