Comparing the Psychometric Properties of a Scale Across Three Likert and Three Alternative Formats: An Application to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

Zhang, Xijuan; Zhou, Linnan; Savalei, Victoria

doi:10.1177/00131644221111402

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 62 publications

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“…There is little research on how the psychometric properties of the scale change across these alternative formats. However, recently, a study by Zhang, Zhou, and Savalei (2023) addressed this gap in research. They examined how the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)'s psychometric properties differ across the Expanded, Item-Specific-Full, and Item-Specific-Light formats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Alternative Formats to the Likert Format: A Comment on Wilson et al. (2022).

Zhang,

Savalei

2024

Preprint

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Wilson et al. (2022) compared the Likert response format to an alternative format, which they called the Guttman response format. Using a Rasch modelling approach, they found that the Guttman response format had better properties relative to the Likert response format. We agree with their analyses and conclusions. However, they have failed to mention many existing articles that have sought to overcome the disadvantages of the Likert format through the use of an alternative format. For example, the so-called ``Guttman response format'' is essentially the same as the Expanded format, which was proposed by Zhang and Savalei (2016) as a way to overcome the disadvantages of the Likert format. Similar alternative formats have been investigated since the 1960s. {In this short response article, we provide a review of several alternative formats, explaining in detail the key characteristics of all the alternative formats that are designed to overcome the problems of the Likert format.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Alternative Formats to the Likert Format: A Comment on Wilson et al. (2022).

Zhang,

Savalei

2024

Preprint

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Measuring Self-Esteem with Expanded Format in a Fraction of Time: ESE-S and ESE-US

Kam,

Cheng,

Cui

2023

Journal of Personality Assessment

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Psychometric benefits of self-chosen rating scales over given rating scales

Kutscher,

Eid

2024

Behav Res

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Rating scales are susceptible to response styles that undermine the scale quality. Optimizing a rating scale can tailor it to individuals’ cognitive abilities, thereby preventing the occurrence of response styles related to a suboptimal response format. However, the discrimination ability of individuals in a sample may vary, suggesting that different rating scales may be appropriate for different individuals. This study aims to examine (1) whether response styles can be avoided when individuals are allowed to choose a rating scale and (2) whether the psychometric properties of self-chosen rating scales improve compared to given rating scales. To address these objectives, data from the flourishing scale were used as an illustrative example. MTurk workers from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform (N = 7042) completed an eight-item flourishing scale twice: (1) using a randomly assigned four-, six-, or 11-point rating scale, and (2) using a self-chosen rating scale. Applying the restrictive mixed generalized partial credit model (rmGPCM) allowed examination of category use across the conditions. Correlations with external variables were calculated to assess the effects of the rating scales on criterion validity. The results revealed consistent use of self-chosen rating scales, with approximately equal proportions of the three response styles. Ordinary response behavior was observed in 55–58% of individuals, which was an increase of 12–15% compared to assigned rating scales. The self-chosen rating scales also exhibited superior psychometric properties. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Comparing the Psychometric Properties of a Scale Across Three Likert and Three Alternative Formats: An Application to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

An Overview of Alternative Formats to the Likert Format: A Comment on Wilson et al. (2022).

An Overview of Alternative Formats to the Likert Format: A Comment on Wilson et al. (2022).

Measuring Self-Esteem with Expanded Format in a Fraction of Time: ESE-S and ESE-US

Psychometric benefits of self-chosen rating scales over given rating scales

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