Comparing the partitioning behavior of Giardia and Cryptosporidium with that of indicator organisms in stormwater runoff

Cizek, Adrienne R.; Characklis, Gregory W.; Krometis, Leigh Anne Henry; Hayes, Jeffrey A.; Simmons, Otto D.; Lonardo, Steve Di; Alderisio, Kerri A.; Sobsey, Mark D.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.06.020

Cited by 70 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The importance of clostridia as a removal indicator for both Cryptosporidium and Giardia in drinking water treatment using rapid sand filtration [11] and in sewage treatment using activated sludge [12] has also been reported. Furthermore, since C. perfringens is resistant to chlorination and can be used as a surrogate indicator of water treatment effectiveness for protozoa and other chorine-resistant pathogens [4,11,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Enterotoxin Gene-positive <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Spores among Human and Livestock Samples and its Potential as a Human Fecal Source Tracking Indicator

Hashimoto

Tsuchioka

Higashi

et al. 2016

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, to evaluate whether Clostridium perfringens could be a useful fecal indicator in aquatic environments and could be employed as a potential source-tracking indicator, the distribution of C. perfringens spores and their toxin types in sewage and livestock fecal samples were analyzed. A total of 804 C. perfringens spore isolates (366 from human-related sewage and effluents, 128 from cattle, 129 from pigs, 72 from chicken, and 109 from abattoir wastewaters) were analyzed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect six C. perfringens toxin genes. On the basis of the presence of toxin genes, most of the isolates from both human sewage and livestock samples were determined as C. perfringens type A and they expressed cpa alone or cpa and C. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) with or without cpb2. Moreover, cpe-positive C. perfringens was detected with frequencies of 29% and 32% in human sewage and effluents, respectively. However, only one isolate (from cattle feces) was cpe-positive among all the livestock samples tested. Thus, the distribution of cpe-positive C. perfringens should be considered an important source tracking indicator for human fecal pollution. Furthermore, we conclude that sewage effluents are a significant source of cpe-positive C. perfringens pollution.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Enterotoxin Gene-positive <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Spores among Human and Livestock Samples and its Potential as a Human Fecal Source Tracking Indicator

Hashimoto

Tsuchioka

Higashi

et al. 2016

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recent study of stormwater loadings of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the New York Kenisco Reservoir directly compared the partitioning behavior of these protozoans with the behavior of several indicator organisms (Cizek et al 2008). Observations suggested that 15-30% of fecal indicator bacteria and over 50% of (oo)cysts are associated with settleable particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Fries et al 2006;Krometis et al 2007;Cizek et al 2008). Use of a single separation technique allows for a direct comparison of the partitioning behavior of indicators and Salmonella spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of the presence and partitioning behavior of indicator organisms and Salmonella spp. in an urban watershed

Krometis

Characklis

Drummey

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The appropriateness of indicator organisms as surrogates for human pathogens in water quality modeling is dependent on similarities in both presence and transport behavior; however, very little data relating indicator and bacterial pathogen transport behavior in receiving waters is available. In this study observations of presence, partitioning behavior (i.e. association with settleable particles) and removal by upland detention basins were used to assess the suitability of six indicator organisms as surrogates for Salmonella spp. bacteria in an urban watershed.The fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms, E. coli and enterococci) were most closely correlated with Salmonella in terms of presence and partitioning behavior (25-35% associated with settleable particles on average); however, further resolution of the variability associated with Salmonella partitioning is required. Higher removal of particle-associated microbes relative to the total microbial concentration by the detention ponds suggests that sedimentation may be an important removal mechanism. However, large fluctuations in pond performance between storm events and occasional net microbial exports in effluents indicate that these best management practices (BMPs), as currently implemented, will be unlikely to achieve water quality objectives.

show abstract

“…However, neither E. coli nor C. perfringens, suggested as suitable indicators for Giardia and Cryptosporidium [25,26], were detected in the 100-mL samples. This well was known to be located in the middle of a rural village and close to a road.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Drinking Water Quality and Occurrence of Giardia in Finnish Small Groundwater Supplies

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The microbiological and chemical drinking water quality of 20 vulnerable Finnish small groundwater supplies was studied in relation to environmental risk factors associated with potential sources of contamination. The microbiological parameters analyzed included the following enteric pathogens: Giardia and Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter species, noroviruses, as well as indicator microbes (Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, coliform bacteria, Clostridium perfringens, Aeromonas spp. and heterotrophic bacteria). Chemical analyses included the determination of pH, conductivity, TOC, color, turbidity, and phosphorus, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen, iron, and manganese concentrations. Giardia intestinalis was detected from four of the water supplies, all of which had wastewater treatment activities in the neighborhood. Mesophilic Aeromonas salmonicida, coliform bacteria and E. coli were also detected. None of the samples were positive for both coliforms and Giardia. Low pH and high iron and manganese concentrations in some OPEN ACCESSResources 2015, 4 638 samples compromised the water quality. Giardia intestinalis was isolated for the first time in Finland in groundwater wells of public water works. In Europe, small water supplies are of great importance since they serve a significant sector of the population. In our study, the presence of fecal indicator bacteria, Aeromonas and Giardia revealed surface water access to the wells and health risks associated with small water supplies.

show abstract

Comparing the partitioning behavior of Giardia and Cryptosporidium with that of indicator organisms in stormwater runoff

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

Distribution of Enterotoxin Gene-positive <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Spores among Human and Livestock Samples and its Potential as a Human Fecal Source Tracking Indicator

Distribution of Enterotoxin Gene-positive <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Spores among Human and Livestock Samples and its Potential as a Human Fecal Source Tracking Indicator

Comparison of the presence and partitioning behavior of indicator organisms and Salmonella spp. in an urban watershed

Drinking Water Quality and Occurrence of Giardia in Finnish Small Groundwater Supplies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About