Comparing the information capacity of Laguerre–Gaussian and Hermite–Gaussian modal sets in a finite-aperture system

Restuccia, Sara; Giovannini, Daniel; Gibson, Graham M.; Padgett, Miles J.

doi:10.1364/oe.24.027127

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The choice therefore as to which modal set to adopt in any one system is simply one of taking advantage of the available component technologies, while respecting the known boundary conditions and likely aberrations and/or misalignments. Modal sets based upon OAM have the potential advantage of being circular, and hence match the typical telescope aperture, are rotationally invariant with respect to detection [90], have components available for efficient mode separation [91], and in some situations maintain their orthogonal properties of the modal set even when subject to aperture restrictions [92]. A particular concern in the use of spatial modes has been the impact of time-varying atmospheric aberrations and how they might result in cross-talk between the modes [93][94][95].…”

Section: Oam In Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital angular momentum 25 years on [Invited]

2017

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Twenty-five years ago Allen, Beijersbergen, Spreeuw, and Woerdman published their seminal paper establishing that light beams with helical phase-fronts carried an orbital angular momentum. Previously orbital angular momentum had been associated only with high-order atomic/molecular transitions and hence considered to be a rare occurrence. The realization that every photon in a laser beam could carry an orbital angular momentum that was in excess of the angular momentum associated with photon spin has led both to new understandings of optical effects and various applications. These applications range from optical manipulation, imaging and quantum optics, to optical communications. This brief review will examine some of the research in the field to date and consider what future directions might hold.Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. References and links J. H. Poynting, "The wave motion of a revolving shaft, and a suggestion as to the angular momentum in a beam of circularly polarised light," Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A Contain. Pap. Math. Phys. Character 82(557), 560-567 (1909). 2. C. G. Darwin, "Notes on the theory of radiation," Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A Contain. Pap. Math. Phys. Character 136(829), 36-52 (1932). 3. L. Allen, M. W. Beijersbergen, R. J. C. Spreeuw, and J. P. Woerdman, "Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes," Phys. Rev. A 45(11), 8185-8189 (1992). 4. J. Courtial, K. Dholakia, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, "Gaussian beams with very high orbital angular momentum," Opt. Commun. 144(4-6), 210-213 (1997). 5. A. M. Yao and M. J. Padgett, "Orbital angular momentum: origins, behavior and applications," Adv. Opt.Photonics 3(2), 161-204 (2011). 6. M. Padgett, "Light's twist," Proc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 470(2172), 20140633 (2014). 7. C. Tamm, "Frequency locking of two transverse optical modes of a laser," Phys. Rev. A Gen. Phys. 38(11), 5960-5963 (1988). 8. P. Coullet, G. Gil, and F. Rocca, "Optical vortices," Opt. Commun. 73(5), 403-408 (1989). 9. J. F. Nye and M. V. Berry, "Dislocations in wave trains," Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Sci. 336(1605), 165-190 (1974). 10. M. V. Berry, J. F. Nye, and F. Wright, "The elliptic umbilic diffraction catastrophe," Philos. Trans. R. Soc.Lond. A 291(1382), 453-484 (1979). 11. M. W. Beijersbergen, L. Allen, H. E. L. O. van der Veen, and J. P. Woerdman, "Astigmatic laser mode converters and transfer of orbital angular momentum," Opt. Commun. 96(1-3), 123-132 (1993). 12. M. W. Beijersbergen, R. P. C. Coerwinkel, M. Kristensen, and J. P. Woerdman, "Helical-wavefront laser beams produced with a spiral phaseplate," Opt. Commun. 112(5-6), 321-327 (1994 Padgett, D. J. Gauthier, and R. W. Boyd, "High-dimensional quantum cryptography with twisted light," New J.

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Section: Oam In Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital angular momentum 25 years on [Invited]

2017

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“…However, a typical measurement device does not register a continuous and infinite range of values, and it is thus necessary to consider discretized measurements. A most common approach is the selection of a finite set of transverse spatial modes labeled by discrete mode indexes [26][27][28][29], for which MUB measurements are attainable by the use of phase holograms [6]. Free-space [30], multi-core fibers [31] or on-chip [32] path encoding as well as time-bin [33] are also interesting techniques with potencial for high-dimensionality.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mutual Unbiasedness in Coarse-Grained Continuous Variables

et al. 2018

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The notion of mutual unbiasedness for coarse-grained measurements of quantum continuous variable systems is considered. It is shown that while the procedure of "standard" coarse graining breaks the mutual unbiasedness between conjugate variables, this desired feature can be theoretically established and experimentally observed in periodic coarse graining. We illustrate our results in an optics experiment implementing Fraunhofer diffraction through a periodic diffraction grating, finding excellent agreement with the derived theory. Our results are an important step in developing a formal connection between discrete and continuous variable quantum mechanics.Introduction. The ability to measure a system in an infinite number of non-commuting bases distinguishes the quantum world from classical physics. Wave-particle duality and more generally the complementarity principle are directly rooted in this feature of quantum mechanics. Though one can measure a quantum system in several distinct bases, uncertainty relations limit the amount of information that can be obtained. It is well known that projection onto an eigenstate of one basis reduces the information that can be obtained through or inferred about subsequent measurement in a different basis. The information is minimum for mutually unbiased bases (MUBs), for which all outcomes of the second measurement are equally likely, so that total uncertainty is always substantial (the sharpest uncertainty relations [1]) and most insensitive to input states [2]. MUBs play an important role in complementarity [3], quantum cryptography [4] and quantum tomography [5,6], are useful for certifying quantum randomness [7], and for detecting quantum correlations such as entanglement [8][9][10] and steering [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].

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“…In general it has been found that higher order modes are indeed more resilient than Gaussian modes [17]. In the presence of a restricted aperture, LG (or rather OAM modes) modes have a larger information capacity than HG modes [21], but if this is not the case then HG modes are a promising candidate as they are robust against tip/tilt aberrations [22]- [24].…”

Section: Arxiv:190107203v1 [Physicsoptics] 22 Jan 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Resilience of Hermite– and Laguerre–Gaussian Modes in Turbulence

Cox

Maqondo

Kara

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Vast geographical distances in Africa are a leading cause for the so-called "digital divide" due to the high cost of installing fibre. Free-Space Optical (FSO) communications offer a convenient and higher bandwidth alternative to point-topoint radio microwave links, with the possibility of re-purposing existing infrastructure. Unfortunately, the range of high bandwidth FSO remains limited. While there has been extensive research into an optimal mode set for FSO to achieve maximum data throughput by mode division multiplexing, there has been relatively little work investigating optical modes to improve the resilience of FSO links. Here we experimentally show that a carefully chosen subset of Hermite-Gaussian modes is more resilient to atmospheric turbulence than similar Laguerre-Gauss beams, theoretically resulting in a 167% theoretical increase of propagation distance at a mode dependent loss of 50%.

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Comparing the information capacity of Laguerre–Gaussian and Hermite–Gaussian modal sets in a finite-aperture system

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Orbital angular momentum 25 years on [Invited]

Orbital angular momentum 25 years on [Invited]

Mutual Unbiasedness in Coarse-Grained Continuous Variables

The Resilience of Hermite– and Laguerre–Gaussian Modes in Turbulence

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