Comparing the impacts of drip irrigation by freshwater and reclaimed wastewater on the soil microbial community of two citrus species

Bastida, Felipe; Torres, I.F.; Abadía, J.; Trigueros, Cristina Romero; Ruíz-Navarro, Antonio; Alarcón, Juan José; Garcı́a, Carlos; Nicolás, Emilio

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2018.03.001

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Other research has evaluated the effects of using reclaimed water on agronomic and microbiological parameters [87], physiological and soil structural properties [88], and other factors such as crop growth, leaf mineral content, plant and soil water status, and fruit quality [89]. Results indicate that the use of reclaimed water allows health standards to be complied with and thus does not represent a microbial risk [87], or affect plant water status, fruit quality [89], or crop yield [90]. Furthermore, reclaimed water supplies a large portion of the crop nutrient requirements, especially for tree crops such as lemon or peach [86].…”

Section: Reclaimed Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, even though, at first, the diversity of the microbial community and soil respiration is reduced temporally, the re-establishment of full irrigation is accompanied by an enhancement of ecological soil attributes which can contribute to the maintenance of soil fertility and crop productivity [94]. Thus, the use of reclaimed water, unlike transferred water, promotes a more resilient salt-adapted microbial community that recovers quickly after the end of the water restriction [90,93]. It would appear that microbial responses are probably shaped by the specific plant physiology, rootstock sensitivity to salinity, and water relations of the crop [90].…”

Section: Reclaimed Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending Natural Limits to Address Water Scarcity? The Role of Non-Conventional Water Fluxes in Climate Change Adaptation Capacity: A Review

et al. 2021

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Water consumption continues to grow globally, and it is estimated that more than 160% of the total global water volume will be needed to satisfy the water requirements in ten years. In this context, non-conventional water resources are being considered to overcome water scarcity and reduce water conflicts between regions and sectors. A bibliometric analysis and literature review of 81 papers published between 2000 and 2020 focused on south-east Spain were conducted. The aim was to examine and re-think the benefits and concerns, and the inter-connections, of using reclaimed and desalinated water for agricultural and urban-tourist uses to address water scarcity and climate change impacts. Results highlight that: (1) water use, cost, quality, management, and perception are the main topics debated by both reclaimed and desalinated water users; (2) water governance schemes could be improved by including local stakeholders and water users in decision-making; and (3) rainwater is not recognized as a complementary option to increase water supply in semi-arid regions. Furthermore, the strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threats (SWOT) analysis identifies complementary concerns such as acceptability and investment in reclaimed water, regulation (cost recovery principle), and environmental impacts of desalinated water.

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Section: Reclaimed Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reclaimed Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Natural Limits to Address Water Scarcity? The Role of Non-Conventional Water Fluxes in Climate Change Adaptation Capacity: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…In order to overcome this problematic scarcity of water resources for agriculture, the use of non-conventional water sources such as reclaimed water (RW) could become an alternative for farmers [4] since these waters are beneficial to crops when used as fertilizers due to their high macronutrient concentration [5] even though an excess of them could promote their loss through leaching [6]. The worldwide use of RW is being developed very rapidly, mainly in arid and semi-arid agroecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Crop Water Stress Index by Infrared Thermometry in Grapefruit Trees Irrigated with Saline Reclaimed Water Combined with Deficit Irrigation

et al. 2019

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Water is not always accessible for agriculture due to its scarcity. In order to successfully develop irrigation strategies that optimize water productivity characterization of the plant, the water status is necessary. We assessed the suitability of thermal indicators by infrared thermometry (IRT) to determine the water status of grapefruit in a commercial orchard with long term irrigation using saline reclaimed water (RW) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) in Southeastern Spain. The results showed that Tc-Ta differences were positive in a wide range of vapor pressure deficits (VPD), and the major Tc-Ta were found at 10.00 GMT, before and after the highest daily values of VPD and solar radiation, respectively, were reached. In addition, we evaluated the relationships between Tc-Ta and VPD to establish the Non-Water Stressed Baselines (NWSBs), which are necessary to accurately calculate the crop water stress index (CWSI). Two important findings were found, which include i) the best significant correlations (p < 0.005) found at 10.00 GMT and their slopes were positive, and ii) NWSBs showed a marked hourly and seasonal variation. The hourly shift was mainly explained by the variation in solar radiation since both the NWSB-slope and the NWSB-intercept were significantly correlated with a zenith solar angle (θZ) (p < 0.005). The intercept was greater when θZ was close to 0 (at midday) and the slope displayed a marked hysteresis throughout the day, increasing in the morning and decreasing in the afternoon. The NWSBs determination, according to the season improved most of their correlation coefficients. In addition, the relationship significance of Tc-Ta versus VPD was higher in the period where the intercept and Tc-Ta were low. CWSI was the thermal indicator that showed the highest level of agreement with the stem water potential of the different treatments even though Tc and Tc-Ta were also significantly correlated. We highlight the suitability of thermal indicators measured by IRT to determine the water status of grapefruits under saline (RW) and water stress (RDI) conditions.

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“…N, P, K + closer to their optimum levels for plant growth, which might also reduce fertilizer application rates . Irrigation with RW could also foster the activity of the soil microbial community in citrus or the microbial biomasss . Nevertheless, the use of RW may also have risks for agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium‐long term effects of saline reclaimed water and regulated deficit irrigation on fruit quality of citrus

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND: Non-conventional water sources and water-saving techniques can be valuable in semi-arid regions, although their long-term effects on citrus quality are little known. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation with two sources, transfer water (TW) and reclaimed water (RW), combined with two irrigation strategies, full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), on fruit quality of mandarins and grapefruits during eight growth seasons. RESULTS: Reclaimed water irrigation in mandarin, without water restriction, influenced maturity index (MI) less than TW-FI, because titratable acidity (TA) increased to a greater degree than soluble solid contents (SSC).Nevertheless, juice quality standards were satisfied. Regardless of the irrigation treatment (FI or RDI), a trend towards increasing fruit weight was also detected with RW. In grapefruit, its rootstock (Citrus macrophylla) enhanced salinity resilience with respect to the rootstock of mandarin ('Carrizo' citrange) and, hence, MI was not affected by RW. The RDI strategy, without saline stress (TW-RDI), increased, to a similar degree, both SSC and TA in mandarin fruit, not affecting the MI. In grapefruit, the water stress of RDI did improve the MI due to the TA did not change and SSC increased significantly, the TA did not change. The combination of both strategies, RW-RDI, decreased the MI only in some years because TA increased proportionally more than SSC in mandarin. CONCLUSIONS:The medium-and long-term feasibility of using RW and RDI to irrigate citrus was demonstrated. However, they must be performed cautiously and with appropriate management to avoid damaging fruit quality as a result of phytotoxic elements. Grapefruit response to irrigation with RW and RDIUnlike grapefruit, the weight of RW (FI) treatment fruit did not increase during the long-term period because their yield was not affected by RW.

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Comparing the impacts of drip irrigation by freshwater and reclaimed wastewater on the soil microbial community of two citrus species

Cited by 33 publications

References 48 publications

Extending Natural Limits to Address Water Scarcity? The Role of Non-Conventional Water Fluxes in Climate Change Adaptation Capacity: A Review

Extending Natural Limits to Address Water Scarcity? The Role of Non-Conventional Water Fluxes in Climate Change Adaptation Capacity: A Review

Determination of Crop Water Stress Index by Infrared Thermometry in Grapefruit Trees Irrigated with Saline Reclaimed Water Combined with Deficit Irrigation

Medium‐long term effects of saline reclaimed water and regulated deficit irrigation on fruit quality of citrus

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