Comparing the efficacy of topical hydroquinone 2% versus intradermal tranexamic acid microinjections in treating melasma: a split-face controlled trial

Saki, Nasrin; Darayesh, Mohammad; Heiran, Alireza

doi:10.1080/09546634.2017.1392476

Cited by 43 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Similarly, EI score change was also defined as change in EI score before and after treatment. Three trials were pooled together [ 15 , 28 , 37 ] using the random effects model (SMD, -0.677; 95% CI, -1.507 to 0.153; P = 0.110; I 2 = 84.5%). There was no significant difference in EI score measured before and after TA treatment ( Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent meta-analysis published during the last few years assessed the effectiveness and safety of TA for melasma [ 40 ]. Compared with previous systematic review, 12 studies [ 11 , 13 – 16 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 37 ] of this review were newly included. And most of these articles are published in 2017 or 2018.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MI score is regarded as a parameter which is mainly influenced by the melanin content [ 44 ]. Compared with whole-face assessment of MASI score, MI and EI scores are measured in melasma area (lesional skin area) by reflectance instruments [ 15 , 28 , 31 ]. Besides, some trials included in this study did not use the MASI score because it is composed of scores of areas and severity of the whole face, so it cannot be used for split-face assessments [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tranexamic Acid for Adults with Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhang¹,

Tan

Fang

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Objective Melasma is a highly prevalent, chronic, and pigmentary disorder. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TA) for the treatment of adults with melasma. Methods We independently searched 3 databases from beginning to 26 April, 2018. The study included 21 eligible trials. Two writers extracted data at the same time independently. Study outcomes were calculated by standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager Version 5.3 and STATA Version 15.1. Results The combined results showed that the use of TA was associated with reduced Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) and Melanin Index (MI). No significant difference in Erythema Index (EI) was observed with TA treatment. Side effects were minor, with a few cases reporting mild gastrointestinal reaction, oligomenorrhoea, hypopigmentation, urticarial rash, and skin irritation xerosis. Conclusion The meta-analysis suggested that TA treatment appeared to be a promising therapeutic approach for melasma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tranexamic Acid for Adults with Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhang¹,

Tan

Fang

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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“…Although systemic TXA is well‐tolerated with good safety profiles, topical TXA is formulated to avoid the theoretical thrombogenic potential. Topical TXA has been used in the treatment of melasma alone or in conjunction with other modalities, including microneedling, intradermal injection and fractional CO 2 laser, to increase uptake; however, the available data on the results are limited …”

Section: Therapeutic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melasma: Updates and perspectives

Kwon

Choi

et al. 2018

Experimental Dermatology

117

106

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Management of melasma is highly challenging due to inconsistent treatment results and frequent relapses. However, recent studies revealed that melasma may not only be a disease of melanocytes, but also a photoaging skin disorder. Herein, we attempt to validate that melasma is indeed a photoaging disorder by presenting the histopathologic findings of melasma: solar elastosis, altered basement membrane, increased vascularization and increased mast cell count. We also provide some therapeutic implications based on these findings and a discussion on the latest updates and perspectives regarding treatment.

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“…Some studies additionally stated that TA has greater efficacy with fewer side effects. TA has emerged as a promising treatment for melasma both alone and in combination with other treatments [4][5][6]. TA is used as a whitening and moisturizing agent in cosmetic formulations at a concentration of 2.5% [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Direct Method of Analyzing Tranexamic Acid Levels in Whitening Cream Using Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

2020

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Objective: Whitening cream is a cosmetic that contains ingredients that can alleviate hyperpigmentation. Tranexamic acid (TA) is one of the potentialanti-pigmentation agents that work through inhibiting plasmin. TA is used in cosmetic formulations at a concentration of 2.5% as a whitening andmoisturizing agent. To date, research on TA in both cosmetics and other pharmaceutical products using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) has not been done directly (without derivatization). Therefore, this study aimed to develop a simple and rapid analytical method for TA(without derivatization) in cosmetic cream samples using reverse-phase HPLC and water as a solvent.Methods: Optimization was conducted by evaluating several parameters that affect sample extraction, as well as composition and mobile phasetypes. The optimal method must fulfill suitability and validation requirements. The optimal method should be able to detect and quantify TA in creamsamples without derivatization.Results: The optimal analysis condition used a ultraviolet detector at a wavelength of 210 nm, acetonitrile: double-distilled water: phosphoric acid(64:34:2) as the mobile phase and a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The retention time of the analyte occurred in the 2nd min.Conclusion: The analytical method that met the validation requirements was characterized using parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity,selectivity, limit, of detection, and limit of quantitation. This method is applicable for analyzing TA content in samples with a concentration of 1.02%.

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Comparing the efficacy of topical hydroquinone 2% versus intradermal tranexamic acid microinjections in treating melasma: a split-face controlled trial

Abstract: Monthly TA intradermal injections can be an effective treatment for melasma. Further studies are required to support our results.

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Tranexamic Acid for Adults with Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tranexamic Acid for Adults with Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Melasma: Updates and perspectives

Development of a Direct Method of Analyzing Tranexamic Acid Levels in Whitening Cream Using Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

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